Arizona, in the southwestern U.S., is known as the “Grand Canyon State,” a reference to one of the world’s natural wonders. Arizona has a population of approximately 7.4 million. Its capital, Phoenix, is also the largest city, known for its hot desert climate and growing economy.
10 Largest Cities in Arizona
1. Phoenix (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 519.0 square miles
- Population: 1,660,272 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 602, 480, 623
- ZIP Codes: 85001-85099
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.4484° N, 112.0740° W
Location and History
Phoenix is located in the central part of Arizona, within the Salt River Valley, also known as the “Valley of the Sun.” It was founded in 1867 as an agricultural community and incorporated as a city in 1881. The city grew rapidly thanks to irrigation projects that transformed the desert landscape into arable land. Phoenix became the capital of Arizona in 1912, coinciding with Arizona’s statehood. In the mid-20th century, Phoenix’s growth accelerated due to air conditioning technology and a booming manufacturing sector. Today, Phoenix is the fifth-largest city in the United States and a major center for business, culture, and education in the Southwest.
Major Landmarks
- Desert Botanical Garden: A large botanical garden featuring over 50,000 desert plants and cacti.
- Heard Museum: A renowned museum dedicated to Native American art and culture.
- Camelback Mountain: A popular hiking destination offering panoramic views of the city.
- Phoenix Art Museum: The largest art museum in the southwestern United States, with extensive collections.
- Papago Park: A scenic desert park with rock formations, hiking trails, and the Phoenix Zoo.
Major Highways
Phoenix is a hub of several interstate highways, providing extensive connectivity. Interstate 10 runs east-west through the city, linking it to Los Angeles and Tucson, while Interstate 17 runs north-south, connecting Phoenix to Flagstaff and northern Arizona. Loop 101 and Loop 202 are beltways that circle the city, easing traffic flow around the metropolitan area. U.S. Route 60 also passes through Phoenix, serving as a vital east-west route.
2. Tucson (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Pima County
- Area: 236.0 square miles
- Population: 548,073 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 520
- ZIP Codes: 85701-85775
- Latitude/Longitude: 32.2226° N, 110.9747° W
Location and History
Tucson is located in southern Arizona, nestled between the Santa Catalina and Rincon Mountains. Founded in 1775 as a Spanish presidio, Tucson is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the United States. The city grew as part of the Gadsden Purchase in 1854 and became an important rail and trading center in the late 19th century. Tucson’s economy historically relied on agriculture and mining, but today, it is a center for education, technology, and military operations, home to the University of Arizona and Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.
Major Landmarks
- Saguaro National Park: Home to the iconic saguaro cactus, this park offers scenic drives and hiking trails.
- Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum: A world-class museum featuring desert plants, animals, and art.
- Mission San Xavier del Bac: A historic Spanish Catholic mission built in the late 1700s, known as the “White Dove of the Desert.”
- Pima Air & Space Museum: One of the largest air and space museums in the world, with hundreds of aircraft on display.
- Sabino Canyon: A popular outdoor recreation area with hiking trails and tram tours through scenic desert landscapes.
Major Highways
Tucson is served by several major highways. Interstate 10 runs through the city, connecting Tucson to Phoenix in the northwest and El Paso, Texas, in the southeast. Interstate 19 leads south to the U.S.-Mexico border, facilitating trade and travel to Nogales. State Routes 86 and 77 are also key local roads that connect Tucson to surrounding regions and national parks.
3. Mesa (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 138.0 square miles
- Population: 527,268 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 480
- ZIP Codes: 85201-85277
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.4152° N, 111.8315° W
Location and History
Mesa is located in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was founded in 1878 by Mormon pioneers who established an irrigation system to cultivate the land. Mesa’s early economy revolved around agriculture, with crops like cotton, citrus, and alfalfa being the mainstay. The city saw rapid growth post-World War II due to suburban expansion and the influx of aerospace and manufacturing industries. Today, Mesa is Arizona’s third-largest city and continues to grow as a suburban and cultural hub within the Phoenix area.
Major Landmarks
- Mesa Arts Center: A premier cultural venue offering art galleries, theaters, and studios for performing arts.
- Arizona Museum of Natural History: Features exhibits on Arizona’s prehistoric and natural history, including dinosaur fossils.
- Usery Mountain Regional Park: A large park with hiking trails, campgrounds, and scenic desert views.
- Mesa Grande Cultural Park: An archaeological site preserving the ruins of ancient Hohokam structures.
- Golfland Sunsplash: A popular family-friendly amusement park with water slides and miniature golf.
Major Highways
Mesa is well-connected by several major highways. U.S. Route 60, known as the Superstition Freeway, runs through the city and connects Mesa to Phoenix and eastern Arizona. Loop 202, part of the Phoenix beltway system, circles Mesa and provides easy access to neighboring cities. Loop 101 also skirts the western part of the city, offering additional routes to the greater Phoenix area.
4. Chandler (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 64.9 square miles
- Population: 283,652 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 480
- ZIP Codes: 85224-85286
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.3062° N, 111.8413° W
Location and History
Chandler is located in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was founded in 1912 by Dr. A.J. Chandler, a veterinary surgeon who established an agricultural town with irrigated farmland. For much of the 20th century, Chandler remained a small farming community, but it experienced rapid growth after World War II with the expansion of the suburban Phoenix area. Today, Chandler is known for its high-tech industries, including microchip manufacturing, and is a major center for employment within the region.
Major Landmarks
- Chandler Museum: A museum showcasing the history and culture of Chandler, with rotating exhibits and historical collections.
- Veterans Oasis Park: A 113-acre park with hiking trails, a fishing lake, and wildlife viewing areas.
- Tumbleweed Park: A large community park featuring sports fields, playgrounds, and a recreation center.
- Chandler Fashion Center: A premier shopping mall with retail stores, restaurants, and entertainment venues.
- Downtown Chandler: A historic area featuring local shops, restaurants, and the Chandler Center for the Arts.
Major Highways
Chandler is served by multiple highways that offer excellent connectivity. Loop 202 (the Santan Freeway) runs east-west through the southern part of the city, providing easy access to Mesa, Gilbert, and the greater Phoenix area. Interstate 10 is nearby, connecting Chandler to Phoenix and Tucson. Loop 101 runs along the city’s western boundary, offering additional access to Scottsdale and Tempe.
5. Scottsdale (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 184.0 square miles
- Population: 267,037 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 480
- ZIP Codes: 85250-85271
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.4942° N, 111.9261° W
Location and History
Scottsdale is located to the east of Phoenix and is known for its upscale lifestyle, art galleries, and resorts. Founded in 1894 by Winfield Scott, a U.S. Army Chaplain, Scottsdale started as a small farming community. By the mid-20th century, it developed into a tourism destination, attracting visitors with its art scene, luxurious resorts, and golf courses. Scottsdale’s downtown district, known as Old Town, preserves much of the city’s Western heritage. Today, Scottsdale is a major hub for tourism, shopping, and entertainment within the Phoenix metropolitan area.
Major Landmarks
- Taliesin West: Frank Lloyd Wright’s winter home and architectural school, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Old Town Scottsdale: A historic district filled with art galleries, boutiques, restaurants, and cultural landmarks.
- McDowell Sonoran Preserve: A vast desert preserve offering hiking, mountain biking, and wildlife viewing.
- Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art: A museum featuring modern and contemporary art, design, and architecture.
- WestWorld of Scottsdale: A major event venue hosting equestrian shows, car auctions, and concerts.
Major Highways
Scottsdale is accessible via several major highways. Loop 101, known as the Pima Freeway, runs along the city’s eastern and northern boundaries, providing access to Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa. State Route 51, also known as the Piestewa Freeway, connects Scottsdale to central Phoenix. Additionally, U.S. Route 60 is located nearby and provides another east-west route through the region.
6. Glendale (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 65.0 square miles
- Population: 257,234 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 623
- ZIP Codes: 85301-85318
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.5387° N, 112.1860° W
Location and History
Glendale is located to the northwest of Phoenix and is part of the larger Phoenix metropolitan area. It was founded in 1892 and grew rapidly in the early 20th century as an agricultural center, known for producing sugar beets and fruit. Glendale’s development accelerated after World War II with the construction of Luke Air Force Base nearby, which brought new jobs and residents to the area. Today, Glendale is known for its sports and entertainment venues, particularly the State Farm Stadium, home to the Arizona Cardinals.
Major Landmarks
- State Farm Stadium: A major sports venue hosting Arizona Cardinals football games and other large events, including the Super Bowl.
- Gila River Arena: Home to the NHL’s Arizona Coyotes and a venue for concerts and entertainment.
- Historic Downtown Glendale: Known for its antique shops, restaurants, and annual events like Glendale Glitters.
- Thunderbird Conservation Park: A scenic desert park offering hiking, horseback riding, and wildlife viewing.
- Arizona Doll and Toy Museum: A unique museum showcasing a large collection of dolls and toys from different eras.
Major Highways
Glendale is served by several important highways. U.S. Route 60 runs through the city, providing a direct route to Phoenix and surrounding communities. The Loop 101 beltway circles around Glendale, offering access to nearby cities like Peoria, Scottsdale, and the West Valley. Interstate 10 is located just south of Glendale, connecting the city to downtown Phoenix and the rest of the state.
7. Gilbert (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 69.9 square miles
- Population: 271,453 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 480
- ZIP Codes: 85233-85299
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.3528° N, 111.7890° W
Location and History
Gilbert, located southeast of Phoenix, began as an agricultural town founded in 1902. It earned the nickname “Hay Capital of the World” during the early 20th century due to its large production of hay for feeding livestock. Gilbert remained largely rural until the 1970s, when suburban development transformed the town into one of the fastest-growing municipalities in the United States. Today, Gilbert is known for its family-friendly neighborhoods, high-quality schools, and strong sense of community.
Major Landmarks
- Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch: A popular wildlife preserve with birdwatching, fishing ponds, and walking trails.
- Gilbert Historical Museum: Located in the original Gilbert Elementary School, this museum tells the history of the town.
- Freestone Park: A large community park with sports fields, lakes, playgrounds, and a mini amusement park.
- Hale Centre Theatre: A prominent community theater offering a variety of live performances.
- Downtown Gilbert: Known for its trendy restaurants, shops, and cultural events like farmers’ markets.
Major Highways
Gilbert is connected to the Phoenix metropolitan area by several key highways. U.S. Route 60 (Superstition Freeway) runs along the northern edge of Gilbert, providing access to Mesa and Phoenix. Loop 202 (the Santan Freeway) runs east-west through the southern part of the city, offering easy access to Chandler, Queen Creek, and other neighboring cities. Additionally, Interstate 10 is accessible via nearby connecting highways.
8. Tempe (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 40.2 square miles
- Population: 201,260 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 480
- ZIP Codes: 85280-85289
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.4255° N, 111.9400° W
Location and History
Tempe is located just east of Phoenix and is home to Arizona State University (ASU), one of the largest universities in the United States. The city was founded in 1871 by Charles Trumbull Hayden, and it became an agricultural center thanks to irrigation from the Salt River. Tempe’s economy has diversified over the years, with education, technology, and retail now driving its growth. ASU’s presence makes Tempe a vibrant college town, and it is known for its cultural events, arts, and outdoor recreation along Tempe Town Lake.
Major Landmarks
- Arizona State University: One of the largest public universities in the U.S., known for its research and sports programs.
- Tempe Town Lake: A man-made lake offering boating, kayaking, and hiking along its scenic shores.
- Tempe Center for the Arts: A prominent arts venue with theaters, galleries, and performance spaces.
- Mill Avenue District: A historic downtown area known for its restaurants, shops, nightlife, and proximity to ASU.
- Papago Park: A desert park shared with Phoenix, featuring red rock formations and hiking trails.
Major Highways
Tempe is well-connected by major highways that link it to the rest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Interstate 10 runs along its western edge, connecting Tempe to Phoenix and Tucson. U.S. Route 60 passes through the southern part of the city, providing access to Mesa and Chandler. Loop 101 runs along the eastern boundary, while Loop 202 (Red Mountain Freeway) runs to the north, giving easy access to Scottsdale and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.
9. Peoria (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa and Yavapai Counties
- Area: 178.0 square miles
- Population: 197,465 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 623, 928
- ZIP Codes: 85345-85383
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.5806° N, 112.2374° W
Location and History
Peoria is a suburb located northwest of Phoenix and spans both Maricopa and Yavapai Counties. Originally founded in the 1880s by settlers from Peoria, Illinois, the city grew slowly as an agricultural community. In the post-World War II era, Peoria became part of the Phoenix metropolitan area’s suburban expansion. Today, Peoria is known for its recreational opportunities, particularly around Lake Pleasant, and is a popular place for families seeking suburban living within easy reach of Phoenix.
Major Landmarks
- Lake Pleasant Regional Park: A large reservoir offering boating, fishing, hiking, and camping, located just north of Peoria.
- Peoria Sports Complex: The spring training home for the San Diego Padres and Seattle Mariners.
- Rio Vista Recreation Center: A multi-use community center with sports facilities, a fishing lake, and outdoor spaces.
- Arizona Broadway Theatre: A professional dinner theater featuring Broadway-style musicals and plays.
- Pioneer Arizona Living History Museum: A living history museum with preserved buildings from Arizona’s early days.
Major Highways
Peoria is served by several major highways, making it easily accessible to the Phoenix metro area. Loop 101 runs through the city, providing a quick route to Glendale, Phoenix, and Scottsdale. U.S. Route 60 (Grand Avenue) cuts diagonally across Peoria, connecting the city to Phoenix and Wickenburg. State Route 74, also known as the Carefree Highway, runs west from Peoria to Lake Pleasant and beyond.
10. Surprise (Arizona)
City Facts
- County: Maricopa County
- Area: 108.0 square miles
- Population: 155,378 (2023 estimate)
- Area Codes: 623
- ZIP Codes: 85374-85388
- Latitude/Longitude: 33.6292° N, 112.3679° W
Location and History
Surprise is located to the northwest of Phoenix and was founded in 1938 by Flora Mae Statler, who reportedly named it “Surprise” because she “would be surprised if the town ever amounted to much.” Surprise grew slowly until the 1990s, when suburban development began to accelerate. Today, it is one of the fastest-growing cities in Arizona, known for its family-friendly communities, recreational facilities, and affordable housing. The city’s growth has been fueled by retirees and young families seeking more space and modern amenities.
Major Landmarks
- Surprise Stadium: The spring training home for the Kansas City Royals and Texas Rangers.
- White Tank Mountain Regional Park: A large desert park offering hiking, biking, and camping with scenic views of the White Tank Mountains.
- Surprise Aquatic Center: A popular facility with swimming pools, water slides, and a splash pad for families.
- Marley Park: A master-planned community with a community center, parks, and recreational facilities.
- West Valley Arts HQ: A cultural center featuring art exhibits, theater performances, and community events.
Major Highways
Surprise is served by U.S. Route 60 (Grand Avenue), which runs diagonally through the city, connecting it to Phoenix and northern Arizona. Loop 303 is a key freeway running along Surprise’s western boundary, offering access to Interstate 10 and the northern parts of the Phoenix metro area. Interstate 10, located just south of the city, provides easy access to downtown Phoenix, Tucson, and other regional destinations.