One of the original 13 colonies, New York was a major center of immigration and commerce in the 19th and 20th centuries, with New York City as its cultural and financial hub. New York has 62 counties.
10 Largest Counties in New York
1. Kings County (Brooklyn)
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 2.7 million
- Area Codes: 718, 347, 929
- Zip Codes: 11201–11256
- County Seat: Brooklyn
Geography and History:
Kings County, commonly known as Brooklyn, is one of the five boroughs of New York City, located in the southwestern part of Long Island. Covering 69.4 square miles, it is the most populous county in New York State. Brooklyn’s geography includes a mix of waterfront areas along the East River, the Atlantic Ocean, and numerous parks, such as Prospect Park and Brooklyn Bridge Park. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and cold winters.
Historically, Brooklyn was a separate city until 1898 when it was consolidated into New York City. The borough has a rich history of immigration, industrial growth, and cultural development. Early industries included shipbuilding and manufacturing, and the area has evolved into a cultural and economic powerhouse with a diverse population. Brooklyn is renowned for its vibrant arts scene, historic neighborhoods, and significant contributions to American culture.
Colleges and Universities:
- Brooklyn College (CUNY): Part of the City University of New York, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs with a strong emphasis on liberal arts and sciences.
- Pratt Institute: Known for its programs in architecture, design, and fine arts, located in the Clinton Hill neighborhood.
- New York University (NYU) Tandon School of Engineering: Offers programs in engineering and applied sciences, located in the Downtown Brooklyn area.
- Long Island University (LIU): Provides undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines, with a campus in Brooklyn.
Major Landmarks:
Brooklyn is home to the iconic Brooklyn Bridge, a historic suspension bridge connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn, offering stunning views of the city skyline. Coney Island is a renowned amusement area featuring the historic Wonder Wheel and Luna Park. Prospect Park provides expansive green space and recreational facilities, while Brooklyn Museum is known for its diverse art collections. DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass) is a trendy neighborhood with waterfront parks and striking views of the Manhattan skyline.
2. Queens County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 2.4 million
- Area Codes: 718, 347, 929
- Zip Codes: 11101–11697
- County Seat: Jamaica
Geography and History:
Queens County is the largest borough by area in New York City, located in the eastern part of the city. Covering 108.7 square miles, it includes a diverse range of neighborhoods, from urban areas to suburban and rural environments. Queens is bordered by the East River, the Long Island Sound, and the Atlantic Ocean, with a climate characterized by hot summers and cold winters.
Queens has a rich history that includes being one of the original counties of New York State, established in 1683. It played a significant role in the development of New York City, especially as an immigrant gateway, with neighborhoods like Astoria and Flushing becoming cultural melting pots. Queens is known for its ethnic diversity, as well as for hosting major events such as the US Open tennis tournament at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park.
Colleges and Universities:
- Queens College (CUNY): Offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs in the arts, sciences, and humanities, known for its strong liberal arts education.
- St. John’s University: A private Roman Catholic university located in Jamaica, offering programs in business, law, education, and the liberal arts.
- City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law: Located in Long Island City, provides legal education with a focus on public interest law.
- The New York Institute of Technology (NYIT): Offers programs in architecture, engineering, and health sciences, with a campus in Old Westbury.
Major Landmarks:
Queens features Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, home to the iconic Unisphere and the Queens Museum. Astoria Park provides stunning views of the East River and the Manhattan skyline. Citi Field, the home of the New York Mets, is a major sports venue. Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge offers a natural haven with birdwatching and nature trails. Rockaway Beach is a popular destination for its sandy shores and surf.
3. New York County (Manhattan)
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1.6 million
- Area Codes: 212, 646, 917
- Zip Codes: 10001–10292
- County Seat: Manhattan
Geography and History:
New York County, commonly known as Manhattan, is the economic and cultural heart of New York City. Covering 22.7 square miles, Manhattan is an island bordered by the Hudson River, East River, and Harlem River. It is characterized by its dense urban environment, with notable features including Central Park, numerous skyscrapers, and historic neighborhoods. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and cold winters.
Manhattan has a storied history, beginning as a Dutch settlement known as New Amsterdam before becoming a British colony and later the center of American finance and culture. The borough has been a focal point for immigration, business, and the arts. Key historical events include the founding of Wall Street and the development of landmarks like Times Square and the Empire State Building.
Colleges and Universities:
- Columbia University: An Ivy League institution located in Morningside Heights, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines.
- New York University (NYU): A major private research university located in Greenwich Village, known for its programs in business, law, and the arts.
- The City College of New York (CCNY): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering, humanities, and social sciences.
- Juilliard School: Renowned for its performing arts programs, including music, dance, and drama, located at Lincoln Center.
Major Landmarks:
Manhattan is home to numerous iconic landmarks including Times Square, known for its bright lights and Broadway theaters. Central Park offers expansive green spaces and recreational activities in the heart of the city. The Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island symbolizes freedom and democracy. Empire State Building provides panoramic views of the city skyline. The Metropolitan Museum of Art houses one of the world’s largest and finest art collections.
4. Bronx County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1.5 million
- Area Codes: 718, 347, 929
- Zip Codes: 10451–10475
- County Seat: Bronx
Geography and History:
Bronx County is located in the northern part of New York City, covering 42.2 square miles. It is bordered by the Harlem River, the East River, and the Bronx River. The geography includes a mix of urban neighborhoods and green spaces, with significant natural areas such as Van Cortlandt Park and the Bronx Zoo. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and cold winters.
The Bronx has a rich history as the only borough not located on an island. It was originally part of Westchester County before becoming part of New York City in 1898. The borough is known for its diverse communities and significant cultural contributions, including being the birthplace of hip-hop. It has a history of industrialization and urban development, with a strong sense of local identity and cultural pride.
Colleges and Universities:
- Lehman College (CUNY): Offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs in liberal arts, business, and education, serving a diverse student body.
- Fordham University: A private Jesuit university with a campus in the Bronx, offering programs in business, law, and the humanities.
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine: Provides medical education and research opportunities, located in the Bronx’s medical and research district.
- Hostos Community College (CUNY): A public community college offering associate degrees and professional certifications, with a focus on serving the local community.
Major Landmarks:
The Bronx is home to Yankee Stadium, the iconic home of the New York Yankees baseball team. The Bronx Zoo is one of the largest metropolitan zoos in the world, featuring diverse animal exhibits and conservation programs. New York Botanical Garden offers extensive plant collections and beautiful landscapes. Arthur Avenue in the Bronx is known for its Italian-American heritage and vibrant market. The Bronx Museum of the Arts showcases contemporary art with a focus on works by underrepresented artists.
5. Richmond County (Staten Island)
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 500,000
- Area Codes: 718, 347, 929
- Zip Codes: 10301–10314
- County Seat: Staten Island
Geography and History:
Richmond County, also known as Staten Island, is located in the southwestern part of New York City. Covering 57.5 square miles, Staten Island is bordered by New Jersey, the Upper New York Bay, and the Lower New York Bay. The island features a mix of suburban neighborhoods, parks, and waterfront areas, with a climate that is humid subtropical, characterized by mild winters and warm summers.
Staten Island was originally settled by the Dutch and later became part of New York City in 1898. It is known for its more residential and suburban feel compared to the other boroughs. Staten Island has a rich maritime history, with landmarks like the Staten Island Ferry providing transportation and scenic views between the island and Manhattan. The borough is also known for its diverse communities and local parks.
Colleges and Universities:
- St. John’s University (Staten Island Campus): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs in liberal arts, business, and education, serving the local community.
- The College of Staten Island (CUNY): Provides a range of academic programs and research opportunities, including degrees in health sciences and liberal arts.
- SIUH School of Nursing: Offers nursing programs with a focus on practical and clinical skills in healthcare.
- CUNY Graduate Center: Offers advanced degrees and research opportunities, although its main campus is located in Manhattan, it serves Staten Island students as well.
Major Landmarks:
Staten Island is known for the Staten Island Ferry, which provides a scenic, free ride between Staten Island and Manhattan. Historic Richmond Town offers a glimpse into colonial and early American life with its preserved buildings and exhibits. The Staten Island Zoo features a range of animal exhibits and educational programs. Snug Harbor Cultural Center & Botanical Garden offers a variety of cultural and horticultural attractions. The Staten Island Museum showcases local history, art, and natural sciences.
6. Suffolk County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1.5 million
- Area Codes: 631, 934
- Zip Codes: 11701–11980
- County Seat: Riverhead
Geography and History:
Suffolk County is located on the eastern end of Long Island, New York, covering 2,373 square miles. The county features a diverse landscape, including coastal areas, suburban communities, and farmland. It is bordered by Nassau County to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and cold winters.
Suffolk County has a rich history dating back to its early colonial settlement. It was one of the original counties of New York, established in 1683. Over the centuries, Suffolk has transitioned from an agricultural economy to a suburban and residential area. It is known for its picturesque Hamptons region, which has become a popular summer destination for affluent visitors. The county also played a role in maritime history and continues to be an important area for local and regional tourism.
Colleges and Universities:
- Stony Brook University: A public research university offering a range of undergraduate and graduate programs, known for its strengths in engineering, medicine, and marine sciences.
- Suffolk County Community College: Provides associate degrees and certificates in various fields, with campuses in Selden, Brentwood, and Riverhead.
- Long Island University (LIU) Post Campus: Offers programs in business, education, and the arts, located in Brookville, Nassau County, but serves many Suffolk County students.
- The College of New Rochelle: Offers undergraduate and graduate programs, with a focus on liberal arts and professional studies, serving Suffolk County residents.
Major Landmarks:
Suffolk County is known for its beautiful Hamptons area, featuring sandy beaches and upscale communities. Montauk Point State Park offers stunning ocean views and is home to the historic Montauk Lighthouse. Fire Island National Seashore provides a natural retreat with pristine beaches and wildlife. Vanderbilt Museum and Planetarium in Centerport offers educational exhibits and astronomical shows. Long Island Wine Country includes numerous vineyards and tasting rooms in the North Fork region.
7. Westchester County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1 million
- Area Codes: 914
- Zip Codes: 10501–10805
- County Seat: White Plains
Geography and History:
Westchester County is located in the northern suburbs of New York City, covering 450 square miles. The county features a mix of urban and suburban areas, with scenic landscapes including rolling hills, rivers, and coastal areas along the Long Island Sound. The climate is humid subtropical, with warm summers and cold winters.
Westchester County was established in 1683 and has a rich history linked to its proximity to New York City. The county transitioned from a rural and agricultural area to a highly developed suburban region. Historically, it has been known for its stately homes and estates, as well as its role in the American Revolution. Today, Westchester is known for its affluent communities and strong economy, with a mix of residential, commercial, and cultural attractions.
Colleges and Universities:
- Iona University: Offers undergraduate and graduate programs in business, education, and the liberal arts, located in New Rochelle.
- Pace University: A private university with a campus in Pleasantville, offering programs in business, law, and the arts.
- SUNY Purchase College: Part of the State University of New York system, offering programs in the arts, humanities, and sciences.
- Manhattanville College: A private liberal arts college located in Purchase, known for its programs in business, education, and the arts.
Major Landmarks:
Westchester County is home to Kykuit, the Rockefeller estate in Sleepy Hollow, offering tours of its grand mansion and gardens. The Hudson River Museum in Yonkers provides exhibits on art, history, and science. Ward Pound Ridge Reservation offers hiking trails and scenic nature areas. The New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, close to the Westchester border, features beautiful gardens and educational programs. Sunnyside, the historic home of Washington Irving, offers tours and insights into early American history.
8. Nassau County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1.4 million
- Area Codes: 516, 363
- Zip Codes: 11001–11897
- County Seat: Mineola
Geography and History:
Nassau County is located on the western part of Long Island, New York, covering 287 square miles. The county features a diverse landscape, including suburban neighborhoods, parks, and coastal areas along the Long Island Sound and Atlantic Ocean. The climate is humid subtropical, with warm summers and cold winters.
Nassau County was established in 1899, having been separated from Queens County. The county has evolved from farmland and rural areas into a predominantly suburban region. Its history includes a significant role in the development of Long Island’s suburbanization. Nassau County is known for its affluent communities and strong economy, as well as its cultural and recreational amenities.
Colleges and Universities:
- Hofstra University: A private university located in Hempstead, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines.
- LIU Post: Part of Long Island University, located in Brookville, offering programs in business, education, and the arts.
- Nassau Community College: Provides associate degrees and certificates in various fields, with a focus on serving the local community.
- Adelphi University: A private university located in Garden City, offering programs in liberal arts, business, and health sciences.
Major Landmarks:
Nassau County features Jones Beach State Park, known for its expansive beaches and recreational facilities. Old Westbury Gardens offers tours of a historic mansion and beautiful gardens. The Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City highlights the history of aviation and space exploration. Mitchell Field Athletic Complex provides sports facilities and events. Nassau Coliseum is a major venue for sports and entertainment events.
9. Albany County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 320,000
- Area Codes: 518, 838
- Zip Codes: 12001–12288
- County Seat: Albany
Geography and History:
Albany County is located in the eastern part of New York State, covering 533 square miles. The county features a varied landscape with rolling hills, river valleys, and forested areas. It is bordered by the Hudson River to the west and the Adirondack Mountains to the north. The climate is humid continental, with cold winters and warm summers.
Albany County has a rich history as one of the original counties of New York, established in 1683. Albany, the county seat, is the capital of New York State, making it an important center for politics and government. The area has a historical significance dating back to the Dutch colonial period and played a role in the early American Republic. Albany is known for its historic architecture, vibrant cultural scene, and as a hub of state government.
Colleges and Universities:
- University at Albany, SUNY: Offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, with strengths in public affairs, business, and the sciences.
- Albany Law School: Provides legal education and professional training, located in the heart of Albany.
- The Sage Colleges: Offers programs in the liberal arts, business, and health sciences, with campuses in Albany and Troy.
- Hudson Valley Community College: Provides associate degrees and certifications, serving the greater Albany area.
Major Landmarks:
Albany County is home to the New York State Capitol, a historic building and seat of state government. The Albany Institute of History & Art features exhibits on regional history and art. Washington Park offers beautiful landscapes and recreational opportunities. The Corning Tower observation deck provides panoramic views of the city. The Erie Canal Museum highlights the history and impact of the canal on the region’s development.
10. Saratoga County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 235,000
- Area Codes: 518
- Zip Codes: 12019–12866
- County Seat: Ballston Spa
Geography and History:
Saratoga County is located in the eastern part of New York State, covering 810 square miles. The county features a diverse landscape including rural areas, rolling hills, and parts of the Adirondack Mountains. It is bordered by the Hudson River to the west and the Green Mountains of Vermont to the east. The climate is humid continental, with cold winters and warm summers.
Saratoga County has a notable historical significance, particularly related to the American Revolution. The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a turning point in the war, leading to the American victory and the eventual alliance with France. The county is also known for its horse racing industry, with Saratoga Race Course being one of the oldest and most famous tracks in the United States. The county’s history includes early settlements, agricultural development, and a growing tourism industry.
Colleges and Universities:
- Skidmore College: A private liberal arts college located in Saratoga Springs, offering a range of undergraduate programs with a focus on the arts and sciences.
- SUNY Adirondack: Provides associate degrees and certifications, serving the northern region of New York State.
- Empire State College: Part of the State University of New York system, offering flexible degree programs and online education.
- The College of Saint Rose: Located in nearby Albany, offers undergraduate and graduate programs in liberal arts, education, and business.
Major Landmarks:
Saratoga County is renowned for Saratoga Race Course, a historic horse racing track that attracts visitors from across the country. Saratoga Springs is known for its natural mineral springs and vibrant downtown area. Saratoga National Historical Park preserves the site of the pivotal Battle of Saratoga, with monuments and visitor centers. Yaddo is an artists’ retreat in Saratoga Springs offering residency programs and beautiful gardens. The Saratoga Performing Arts Center hosts a variety of cultural events, including music and dance performances.