One of the original 13 colonies, Massachusetts was a central player in the American Revolution and the early formation of the U.S. government. It has 14 counties.
10 Largest Counties in Massachusetts
1. Middlesex County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 1.6 million
- Area Codes: 617, 781, 978, 508
- Zip Codes: 01432–02494
- County Seat: Cambridge and Lowell (dual seats)
Geography and History:
Middlesex County is located in the eastern part of Massachusetts, spanning 847 square miles. It includes both urban and suburban areas, with cities like Cambridge, Lowell, and Newton. The geography of the county is diverse, featuring rivers such as the Charles and Merrimack, as well as forested areas and rolling hills. The climate is typical of New England, with cold winters and warm summers.
Middlesex County was established in 1643, making it one of the oldest counties in the U.S. The region played a pivotal role in the American Revolution, particularly in Lexington and Concord, where the first battles were fought. Over the years, the county grew into an industrial powerhouse during the 19th century, with Lowell becoming a center for textile manufacturing. Today, Middlesex is a major hub for education, technology, and healthcare, thanks to its proximity to Boston.
Colleges and Universities:
- Harvard University: Located in Cambridge, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher education in the U.S., known for its programs in law, medicine, and business.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): A world-renowned research university in Cambridge, focusing on science, engineering, and technology.
- Tufts University: A private university in Medford and Somerville, known for its programs in international relations, health sciences, and the liberal arts.
- Boston College (Newton Campus): A Jesuit university offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in arts, sciences, and law.
Major Landmarks:
Middlesex County is home to iconic American Revolution sites, including Lexington Battle Green and Minute Man National Historical Park, where the “shot heard ’round the world” was fired. Harvard Square in Cambridge is a bustling center of culture, education, and commerce. The Lowell National Historical Park highlights the county’s industrial history, focusing on the textile mills that powered the American Industrial Revolution. Walden Pond, immortalized by Henry David Thoreau, is a popular destination for nature lovers.
2. Worcester County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 830,000
- Area Codes: 508, 774
- Zip Codes: 01420–01756
- County Seat: Worcester
Geography and History:
Worcester County is the largest county in Massachusetts by land area, covering 1,579 square miles. The county’s geography includes hilly terrain, lakes, rivers, and forests, with the Blackstone and Nashua Rivers being key water bodies. The climate is humid continental, with cold winters and warm summers.
Worcester County was founded in 1731 and named after Worcester, England. During the American Revolution, the county was a hotbed of patriot activity. The city of Worcester played a significant role in the early abolitionist movement and industrialization, becoming a center for manufacturing in the 19th century. Today, Worcester County is known for its diverse economy, which includes healthcare, education, and technology, as well as its rich history and cultural institutions.
Colleges and Universities:
- Clark University: A private research university in Worcester known for its programs in psychology, geography, and international development.
- College of the Holy Cross: A private Jesuit college offering programs in the liberal arts, known for its strong emphasis on service and ethics.
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI): A prestigious engineering and technical university known for its project-based learning and research programs.
- Quinsigamond Community College: Provides associate degrees and certificate programs, particularly in healthcare, business, and technology.
Major Landmarks:
The EcoTarium in Worcester is a major family-friendly science and nature museum. Old Sturbridge Village is an open-air museum that recreates life in rural New England in the early 19th century. The Worcester Art Museum boasts an impressive collection of art spanning multiple centuries and cultures. Tower Hill Botanic Garden, located in Boylston, offers beautiful gardens and walking trails. Mechanics Hall is a historic concert venue that has hosted world-class musicians and performers since the 19th century.
3. Suffolk County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 820,000
- Area Codes: 617, 857
- Zip Codes: 02101–02199
- County Seat: Boston
Geography and History:
Suffolk County is located in eastern Massachusetts and covers just 120 square miles, making it one of the smallest counties by area but the most densely populated. It includes the city of Boston, as well as nearby cities and towns such as Chelsea, Revere, and Winthrop. The county’s geography features Boston Harbor, the Charles River, and numerous urban parks. The climate is coastal, with cold winters and humid summers.
Established in 1643, Suffolk County is home to Boston, one of the oldest cities in the United States and a key site in the American Revolution. Boston played a major role in the country’s early history, from the Boston Tea Party to the Siege of Boston. Today, Suffolk County is a global hub for finance, healthcare, education, and technology, as well as a cultural and historical destination.
Colleges and Universities:
- Boston University (BU): A large private research university with strong programs in business, law, medicine, and communications.
- Northeastern University: Known for its cooperative education (co-op) programs, Northeastern offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate degrees in areas like engineering, business, and computer science.
- Suffolk University: A private university offering programs in law, government, business, and the liberal arts.
- Emerson College: Specializes in communication, performing arts, and media, attracting students interested in creative industries.
Major Landmarks:
Suffolk County is home to Fenway Park, one of the most iconic baseball stadiums in the world and home to the Boston Red Sox. The Freedom Trail offers a walking tour of historical sites from the American Revolution, including Paul Revere’s House, Old North Church, and the Boston Massacre Site. Boston Common and the adjacent Public Garden are two of the oldest public parks in the U.S. Faneuil Hall and Quincy Market are bustling centers for food, shopping, and history. The New England Aquarium and Boston Harbor Islands National Park offer scenic waterfront experiences.
4. Essex County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 800,000
- Area Codes: 351, 978
- Zip Codes: 01830–01985
- County Seat: Salem and Lawrence (dual seats)
Geography and History:
Essex County is located in northeastern Massachusetts, covering 828 square miles. It includes a mix of coastal towns like Gloucester and Newburyport, as well as inland cities like Lawrence and Haverhill. The geography features rocky coastlines, forests, and rivers, with the Merrimack River being the most prominent waterway. The climate is coastal and temperate, with relatively mild winters and warm summers.
Founded in 1643, Essex County is one of the oldest counties in the U.S. The region played a major role in the maritime and fishing industries during colonial times, particularly in towns like Salem and Gloucester. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 remain one of the most infamous events in American history. During the Industrial Revolution, cities like Lawrence and Haverhill became centers of textile manufacturing. Today, Essex County is known for its rich history, scenic beauty, and cultural attractions.
Colleges and Universities:
- Salem State University: A public university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in business, education, and the arts.
- Endicott College: A private college in Beverly known for its internships and programs in business, education, and nursing.
- Merrimack College: A private Catholic college in North Andover offering programs in health sciences, engineering, business, and education.
- Northern Essex Community College: Provides associate degrees and certificates, focusing on healthcare, business, and technology programs.
Major Landmarks:
Salem, famous for the Salem Witch Trials, draws visitors to the Salem Witch Museum, House of the Seven Gables, and other historic sites. Hammond Castle Museum in Gloucester offers stunning views of the Atlantic and an insight into the life of an early 20th-century inventor. The Essex Shipbuilding Museum highlights the county’s maritime heritage. Crane Beach in Ipswich is a popular destination for beachgoers and nature lovers. Newburyport and Rockport offer picturesque coastal scenes, art galleries, and seafood restaurants.
5. Norfolk County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 725,000
- Area Codes: 339, 781, 508, 774
- Zip Codes: 02021–02368
- County Seat: Dedham
Geography and History:
Norfolk County is located in eastern Massachusetts and covers 444 square miles. The county consists of suburban towns like Quincy, Brookline, and Braintree, and is part of the Greater Boston area. Its geography includes coastal areas along Quincy Bay and rolling hills inland. The climate is typical of the northeastern U.S., with snowy winters and warm summers.
Established in 1793, Norfolk County is known as the “County of Presidents,” as it was the birthplace of John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and John F. Kennedy. The region played a significant role during the early history of the United States, with towns like Dedham and Quincy being centers of political and industrial activity. Today, Norfolk County is largely suburban, with a strong economy based on education, healthcare, and technology.
Colleges and Universities:
- Curry College: A private college in Milton offering programs in nursing, business, communication, and education.
- Quincy College: A public community college offering associate degrees and certificates in fields such as healthcare, business, and liberal arts.
- Eastern Nazarene College: A private Christian college in Quincy, known for its programs in education, science, and the humanities.
- Massachusetts Bay Community College (Wellesley Hills Campus): Offers associate degrees and certificates in business, healthcare, and technology, serving Norfolk County and beyond.
Major Landmarks:
The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Dorchester is a major historical landmark, offering exhibits on the life and presidency of JFK. Adams National Historical Park in Quincy preserves the birthplace and homes of John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Blue Hills Reservation offers hiking, skiing, and scenic views of the Boston skyline. The Norfolk County Agricultural High School is a unique educational institution with a working farm open to the public. Gillette Stadium, located just outside the county in Foxborough, is the home of the New England Patriots and hosts major sporting and entertainment events.
6. Bristol County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 570,000
- Area Codes: 508, 774
- Zip Codes: 02702–02790
- County Seat: Taunton
Geography and History:
Bristol County is located in southeastern Massachusetts and covers 691 square miles. It includes cities like New Bedford, Fall River, and Taunton, as well as several smaller towns. The county’s geography features coastal areas along Buzzards Bay, forests, and rivers, including the Taunton River. The climate is coastal, with mild winters and warm summers.
Founded in 1685, Bristol County was originally part of the Plymouth Colony. New Bedford and Fall River became major centers for the whaling and textile industries during the 19th century. Taunton, the county seat, has a long history of silver manufacturing. Today, Bristol County has a diversified economy that includes healthcare, manufacturing, and education, while its historical towns attract tourists interested in maritime history.
Colleges and Universities:
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMass Dartmouth): A public research university offering programs in engineering, business, and the arts, known for its strong emphasis on community engagement and sustainability.
- Bristol Community College: Offers associate degrees and certificates in fields such as nursing, criminal justice, and liberal arts, with campuses in Fall River, Taunton, and New Bedford.
- Bridgewater State University (BSU): Located nearby in Plymouth County but serving many Bristol County residents, BSU offers undergraduate and graduate programs in education, business, and the sciences.
- New England Institute of Technology: Provides hands-on technical training in fields such as automotive technology, nursing, and video game design.
Major Landmarks:
Bristol County is home to the New Bedford Whaling Museum, which chronicles the region’s whaling history and offers exhibits on maritime culture. The Lizzie Borden House in Fall River, where the infamous 1892 murders took place, is now a museum and bed-and-breakfast. Battleship Cove in Fall River features the USS Massachusetts, a World War II battleship, and other historic naval vessels. Horseneck Beach State Reservation in Westport is a popular summer destination for beachgoers. Taunton Green, the historic town square in Taunton, is known for its annual Christmas light display.
7. Plymouth County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 530,000
- Area Codes: 508, 774
- Zip Codes: 02043–02381
- County Seat: Plymouth and Brockton (dual seats)
Geography and History:
Plymouth County is located in southeastern Massachusetts, covering 1,093 square miles. It includes coastal areas along Cape Cod Bay, as well as rivers and forests. The geography features rolling hills, ponds, and beaches. The climate is similar to the rest of coastal Massachusetts, with cold winters and warm summers.
Plymouth County is home to Plymouth, where the Pilgrims first settled in 1620, making it one of the most historically significant regions in the United States. The county grew as a center for agriculture and fishing during colonial times. In the 19th century, towns like Brockton became centers for the shoe industry. Today, Plymouth County is a blend of historic sites, suburban developments, and natural beauty, attracting both residents and tourists.
Colleges and Universities:
- Bridgewater State University (BSU): A public university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in business, education, and the sciences. BSU has a strong teacher education program.
- Massasoit Community College: Offers associate degrees and certificates in fields such as business, healthcare, and liberal arts, with campuses in Brockton and Middleborough.
- Curry College (Plymouth Campus): Provides continuing education and professional development programs for working adults in fields like nursing, criminal justice, and business.
- Stonehill College: A private Catholic liberal arts college in Easton offering undergraduate programs in the sciences, humanities, and business.
Major Landmarks:
Plymouth County is home to Plymouth Rock, where the Pilgrims are said to have landed in 1620, and Plimoth Patuxet, a living history museum that recreates the original Pilgrim settlement and Native American life. Myles Standish State Forest offers camping, hiking, and fishing. The Brockton Historical Society and Fuller Craft Museum in Brockton showcase the area’s industrial and artistic heritage. Duxbury Beach and Scituate Lighthouse are popular coastal destinations.
8. Barnstable County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 230,000
- Area Codes: 508, 774
- Zip Codes: 02532–02675
- County Seat: Barnstable
Geography and History:
Barnstable County covers Cape Cod, a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean. It spans 396 square miles, with a diverse geography that includes sandy beaches, dunes, forests, and salt marshes. The climate is moderated by the ocean, resulting in cooler summers and milder winters compared to the mainland.
Founded in 1685, Barnstable County is one of the oldest counties in the U.S. Cape Cod’s history is deeply rooted in fishing, whaling, and shipping. Over time, it became a popular vacation destination, known for its picturesque towns and natural beauty. Today, Barnstable County is a major tourist destination, with tourism being the dominant industry. Its historic towns, maritime heritage, and scenic beaches draw millions of visitors every year.
Colleges and Universities:
- Cape Cod Community College: The only community college on Cape Cod, offering associate degrees and certificates in fields such as nursing, business, and environmental science.
- Bridgewater State University (Cape Cod Campus): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs, focusing on professional development and continuing education for local residents.
- Massachusetts Maritime Academy: Located in Buzzards Bay, this public academy offers degrees in marine engineering, international maritime business, and emergency management.
- Boston University (Cape Cod Programs): Provides continuing education and summer courses on topics such as marine biology and environmental conservation.
Major Landmarks:
Barnstable County is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in Massachusetts, including the Cape Cod National Seashore, which preserves miles of pristine beaches and natural habitats. Pilgrim Monument in Provincetown commemorates the Pilgrims’ first landing in the New World. Hyannisport, famous for the Kennedy family compound, attracts visitors interested in political history. Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard, two islands off the coast of Cape Cod, are popular vacation spots known for their charming towns, lighthouses, and beaches.
9. Hampden County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 470,000
- Area Codes: 413
- Zip Codes: 01001–01199
- County Seat: Springfield
Geography and History:
Hampden County is located in western Massachusetts, covering 634 square miles. The county includes the Connecticut River Valley, which features fertile agricultural land and forested hills. The climate is typical of New England, with cold winters and warm summers.
Founded in 1812, Hampden County became a major industrial center during the 19th century, particularly in Springfield, which became known for its manufacturing, especially of firearms at the Springfield Armory. The county has a long history tied to innovation and commerce, and today it is known for its diversified economy, including healthcare, education, and manufacturing.
Colleges and Universities:
- Springfield College: A private college offering undergraduate and graduate programs in health sciences, physical education, and the liberal arts.
- Western New England University: Offers programs in law, business, engineering, and pharmacy, with a focus on hands-on learning.
- American International College (AIC): A private institution known for its programs in business, education, and health sciences.
- Holyoke Community College: Offers associate degrees and certificates, focusing on programs in healthcare, education, and technology.
Major Landmarks:
Hampden County is home to the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, which celebrates the history of basketball and its greatest players. The Springfield Museums include the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden, honoring the famous author who was born in Springfield. Forest Park in Springfield is a large urban park offering a zoo, walking trails, and seasonal events. The Big E, held annually in West Springfield, is the largest agricultural fair in the northeastern U.S., attracting visitors from across New England.
10. Hampshire County
County Facts:
- Population: Approximately 160,000
- Area Codes: 413
- Zip Codes: 01002–01096
- County Seat: Northampton
Geography and History:
Hampshire County is located in western Massachusetts, covering 545 square miles. The county is part of the Connecticut River Valley and features rolling hills, farmland, and small towns. The climate is typical of New England, with cold winters and warm summers.
Founded in 1662, Hampshire County is one of the oldest counties in Massachusetts. The area was originally settled for farming, and over time, towns like Amherst and Northampton became centers for education and culture. Hampshire County has long been known for its progressive politics, artistic community, and vibrant college towns.
Colleges and Universities:
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst): The flagship campus of the UMass system, offering a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs in fields such as engineering, business, and the liberal arts.
- Amherst College: A private liberal arts college known for its rigorous academics and strong programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences.
- Smith College: A private women’s college in Northampton offering undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of fields, known for its strong programs in the arts and social sciences.
- Hampshire College: A small, experimental liberal arts college known for its interdisciplinary approach to education and focus on independent study.
Major Landmarks:
Hampshire County is known for its picturesque college towns and cultural landmarks. Emily Dickinson Museum in Amherst celebrates the life and work of the famous poet. The Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art in Amherst is a unique museum dedicated to children’s literature. Mount Holyoke Range State Park offers hiking and scenic views of the Pioneer Valley. The Iron Horse Music Hall in Northampton is a popular venue for live music, while Look Memorial Park in Florence offers recreational opportunities for families.