The revised TOEFL Paper-delivered Test is offered in this location.
The list below shows testing regions, fees and dates as of February 15, 2019, but availability may change when you register. Fees are shown in US$ and are subject to change without notice.
| Region | Testing Format | Fee | Test Dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ashgabat (Code: P540) | TOEFL Paper Testing | $180 $180 |
Sat., Oct 13, 2018 Sat., Nov 10, 2018 |
Turkmenistan Overview
Turkmenistan, republic in Central Asia. 77% of the population are Turkmen, 9% Uzbeks, 7% Russians, 2% Kazakhs, 1% Tatars and 1% Ukrainians, along with Azerbaijanis, Armenians and Baluchis live in Turkmenistan. The Karakum desert takes up most of the country, only 2% of the area is used for agriculture (cotton cultivation and animal husbandry, especially Karakul sheep). In the industry, natural gas production and oil production as well as the textile industry (carpet production) dominate.
History: In 1877 the subjugation of individual nomad tribes by Russia began. In 1924 the Turkmen Soviet Republic was formed. She joined the Soviet Union in 1925. In 1991 Turkmenistan declared its independence.
Country facts
- Official name: Turkmenistan
- License plate: TM
- ISO-3166: TM, TKM (795)
- Internet domain:.tm
- Currency: 1 Turkmenistan manat = 100 tenge
- Area: 488 100 km²
- Population (2019): 5.9 million
- Capital: Ashkhabad
- Official language (s): Turkmen
- Form of government: Presidential Republic
- Administrative division: 5 provinces and capital district
- Head of State: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
- Religion (s): 89% Muslim (Sunni); 9% Christians (Orthodox), 2% other / n / a
- Time zone: Central European Time +4 hours
- National holiday: October 27th
Location and infrastructure
- Location (geographical): Central Asia
- Location (coordinates): between 35 ° 07 ‘and 42 ° 50’ north latitude and 52 ° 28 ‘and 66 ° 37’ east longitude
- Climate: continental desert and steppe climate
- Highest mountain: Ayrybaba (3 139 m)
- Road network (2002): 47 577 km (paved), 11 015 km (unpaved)
- Railway network (2017): 5 113 km
Population
- Annual population growth (2020): 1.1%
- Birth rate (2020): 18.3 per 1000 inh.
- Death rate (2020): 6.1 per 1000 residents.
- Average age (2020): 29.2 years
- Average life expectancy (2020): 71.3 years (men 68.2; women 74.5)
- Age structure (2020): 25.4% younger than 15 years, 5.4% older than 65 years
- Literacy rate (15-year-olds and older) (2015): 99.7%
- Mobile phone contracts (pre-paid and post-paid) (2017): 163 per 100 residents
- Internet users (2017): 21 per 100 residents
Economy
- GDP per capita (2019): US $ 7,816
- Total GDP (2019): US $ 47 billion
- GNI per capita (2018): US $ 6,740
- Education expenditure (2012): 3.0% of GDP
- Military expenditure: n / a
- Unemployment rate (15 years and older) (2019): 3.9%
Population
85% of the population are Turkmen. The national minorities include Uzbeks (5%), Russians (4%) as well as Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians and others. With an average of 12 residents / km 2 (2017), Turkmenistan is very sparsely populated. The highest population densities are found in the oases in the foreland of the Kopet-Dag, the regions on the lower reaches of Tedschen and Murgab, the valley of the Amudarja and the areas on the Karakum Canal. The proportion of the urban population is 51%. The largest metropolitan area is the capital Ashkhabad.
The biggest cities in Turkmenistan
| Biggest Cities (Residents 2004) | |
| Ashkhabad | 827 500 |
| Turkmenabad (Tschardschou) | 256,000 |
| Daschchowus (Taschaus) | 210,000 |
| Mary | 159,000 |
| Balkan bath | 139,000 |
| Turkmenbashi | 86 800 |
Religion
The constitution guarantees religious freedom and establishes the separation of state and religion as a constitutional principle. Religious policy is based on the Religious Law of the Republic of Turkmenistan. It imposes the obligation to state registration on religious communities.
The dominant religion is Sunni Islam (predominantly from the Hanefi school of law), which, along with the Turkmen, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Tatars and Baluchs, makes up around 93% of the population nominally; there is a Shiite minority among the Azerbaijanis. In addition to Islam, which is supported by the official Islamic institutions, traditionally Sufi-influenced popular Islam plays a major role. More than 5% of the population belong to the Orthodox Church. There are also a very small number of Armenian, Catholic and Protestant (Baptists, Pentecostal) Christians. The Russian Orthodox Archdiocese of Tashkent exists for Orthodox Christians (Russians and Ukrainians) in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. There is also a small Jewish community (especially in the capital Ashkhabad) with only a few hundred members (up to 2,500 in the 1980s; Descendants of immigrant Iranian and v. a. Ukrainian Jews).
National symbols
The national flag was introduced in 1992 and slightly modified in 1997. The dark green flag shows five traditional carpet patterns in a burgundy-colored stripe on the mast side and underneath two crossed olive branches as an indication of the neutrality of the country. On the flying side of the strip are five white stars and a crescent moon at the top. The stars represent the areas, the crescent moon and the green color indicate Islam as a religion.
In 1992 a new coat of arms was introduced, which served as the basis for the one that had been in effect since August 15, 2003. In the center of the coat of arms in the Turkmen colors is a horse (Akhal Teke), which is considered a national symbol. The burgundy red ring shows the five traditional carpet patterns from the flag and is framed by cotton and wheat, the main agricultural products.
The national holiday on October 27th commemorates the declaration of independence in 1991.