Originally part of Virginia, Kentucky became the first state west of the Appalachian Mountains in 1792. It has a rich history in horse racing and bourbon production. Kentucky has 120 counties.
10 Largest Counties in Kentucky
1. Jefferson County
County Facts
- Population: 782,969 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 502
- ZIP Codes: 40023-40299
- County Seat: Louisville
Geography and History
Jefferson County is located in north-central Kentucky along the Ohio River, covering 398 square miles. Established in 1780, the county was named after Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. Louisville, the county seat and largest city in Kentucky, is an economic and cultural hub, with a rich history tied to its role as a shipping port and its strategic location on the river. Louisville played an important role in the bourbon, tobacco, and horse racing industries, making it one of the most vital cities in the region. The county was the first in Kentucky to consolidate its city and county governments in 2003, forming Louisville Metro.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Louisville: A major public research university known for its programs in medicine, engineering, and business. It also houses the James Graham Brown Cancer Center and the Brandeis School of Law.
- Bellarmine University: A private Catholic university offering programs in business, health sciences, and the liberal arts.
- Spalding University: A private university known for its programs in social work, education, and creative writing.
- Jefferson Community and Technical College: Provides a wide range of technical and vocational programs as well as associate degrees.
Major Landmarks
Jefferson County is home to iconic landmarks like Churchill Downs, the site of the annual Kentucky Derby, the most famous horse race in the United States. The Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory celebrates the city’s baseball history, while the Muhammad Ali Center pays tribute to the boxing legend’s life and values. The Frazier History Museum offers exhibits on local and national history, and The Speed Art Museum showcases collections of fine art. The Big Four Bridge is a popular pedestrian and cycling path connecting Louisville to Indiana across the Ohio River. Louisville Waterfront Park offers green spaces and recreation along the river, and Cave Hill Cemetery is a historical cemetery where many notable figures are buried.
2. Fayette County
County Facts
- Population: 322,570 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 859
- ZIP Codes: 40502-40598
- County Seat: Lexington
Geography and History
Fayette County, located in central Kentucky, covers 286 square miles and is home to Lexington, the second-largest city in the state. Established in 1780 and named after the Marquis de Lafayette, a French hero of the American Revolution, Fayette County is part of the Bluegrass region, known for its rolling hills and horse farms. The county has a rich agricultural history, particularly in tobacco and horse breeding, and is now considered the “Horse Capital of the World.” Lexington’s economy has diversified, with higher education, healthcare, and technology playing key roles.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Kentucky (UK): The state’s flagship public university, known for its medical, business, and engineering programs. The UK Albert B. Chandler Hospital is a leading healthcare institution in the region.
- Transylvania University: A private liberal arts college, one of the oldest universities west of the Allegheny Mountains, known for its programs in law, business, and the sciences.
- Bluegrass Community and Technical College (BCTC): Offers associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce development programs.
- Sullivan University: A private university with a strong focus on business, technology, and culinary arts.
Major Landmarks
Fayette County is famous for its equine culture, with Keeneland Race Course being one of the most prestigious horse racing tracks in the country, as well as a major auction house for thoroughbreds. The Kentucky Horse Park showcases the history and heritage of horse racing and breeding. Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate, is the historic home of the 19th-century statesman and offers tours of its preserved grounds. The Lexington Opera House hosts performances ranging from Broadway productions to local theater. McConnell Springs is a historic park marking the founding of Lexington. The city also hosts the annual Festival of the Bluegrass, celebrating Kentucky’s musical heritage.
3. Kenton County
County Facts
- Population: 169,064 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 859
- ZIP Codes: 41011-41063
- County Seat: Covington and Independence (dual seats)
Geography and History
Kenton County is located in northern Kentucky along the Ohio River, covering 164 square miles. Established in 1840 and named after Simon Kenton, a frontiersman and soldier, the county is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area. Its geography includes riverfronts and rolling hills, contributing to both urban and rural development. Covington, the largest city and one of the county seats, has a rich industrial history, while Independence represents the suburban and rural side of the county. Historically, the county has been a transportation hub due to its proximity to Cincinnati, and it played a role in the Underground Railroad.
Colleges and Universities
- Northern Kentucky University (NKU): Located just outside the county in Highland Heights, NKU is a public university offering programs in business, law, education, and health sciences.
- Thomas More University: A private Catholic liberal arts university located in Crestview Hills, offering degrees in business, healthcare, and the arts.
- Gateway Community and Technical College: Provides technical education and vocational training, as well as associate degrees.
Major Landmarks
Kenton County’s landmarks include the Roebling Suspension Bridge, an iconic structure connecting Covington with Cincinnati, designed by John A. Roebling before he built the Brooklyn Bridge. Devou Park in Covington offers stunning views of the Cincinnati skyline, as well as hiking and biking trails. The Basilica of the Assumption, located in Covington, is a striking example of Gothic Revival architecture. MainStrasse Village is a charming historic district known for its German heritage, shops, and restaurants. The Behringer-Crawford Museum in Covington focuses on local history and culture. Pioneer Park in Independence provides outdoor recreation opportunities, including sports fields and trails.
4. Boone County
County Facts
- Population: 135,968 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 859
- ZIP Codes: 41005-41094
- County Seat: Burlington
Geography and History
Boone County is located in northern Kentucky, covering 256 square miles along the Ohio River. Established in 1798, the county is named after Daniel Boone, the famous American pioneer. The area is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan region and has a diverse landscape that includes both suburban communities and agricultural land. The county’s early economy was based on farming and river trade, but in recent years, it has seen significant residential and commercial development. Boone County’s growth is also attributed to its proximity to Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, a major transportation hub.
Colleges and Universities
- Gateway Community and Technical College (Boone Campus): Offers associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce training programs.
- Northern Kentucky University (NKU): Although located in neighboring Campbell County, NKU serves many students from Boone County and offers programs in business, law, and education.
Major Landmarks
Boone County is home to the Creation Museum, a popular attraction that explores the biblical account of creation through interactive exhibits and displays. Big Bone Lick State Park is another key landmark, known as the birthplace of American paleontology due to its prehistoric fossil finds, including mammoths and mastodons. Florence Y’all Water Tower, an iconic roadside attraction, is a popular photo spot due to its unique message. Boone Woods Park offers walking trails, sports facilities, and playgrounds. The Rabbit Hash General Store, located in the historic river town of Rabbit Hash, has been a local landmark since 1831.
5. Warren County
County Facts
- Population: 134,554 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 270, 364
- ZIP Codes: 42101-42104
- County Seat: Bowling Green
Geography and History
Warren County is located in south-central Kentucky and covers 548 square miles. Established in 1796 and named after General Joseph Warren, a hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill, the county’s largest city, Bowling Green, has grown into a major hub for manufacturing, education, and healthcare. The county is situated along the Barren River and features a mix of urban, suburban, and rural landscapes. The area’s economy is bolstered by the presence of Western Kentucky University and major manufacturers like General Motors, which produces the Chevrolet Corvette in Bowling Green.
Colleges and Universities
- Western Kentucky University (WKU): A public university known for its programs in journalism, education, and business. WKU is a central part of the cultural and economic life of Bowling Green.
- Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical College: Offers vocational and technical education, as well as associate degrees in fields such as health sciences and technology.
Major Landmarks
Warren County’s key landmarks include Mammoth Cave National Park, the world’s longest cave system, which is located just north of Bowling Green. The National Corvette Museum is another major attraction, showcasing the history of the iconic American sports car. Lost River Cave offers underground boat tours and nature trails. Historic RailPark & Train Museum celebrates Bowling Green’s railroad heritage. Fountain Square Park is a central gathering place in downtown Bowling Green, surrounded by shops and restaurants. Beech Bend Amusement Park provides family-friendly fun with roller coasters and water slides.
6. Hardin County
County Facts
- Population: 110,702 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 270, 364
- ZIP Codes: 40121-42724
- County Seat: Elizabethtown
Geography and History
Hardin County is located in central Kentucky and spans 630 square miles. Established in 1792 and named after Colonel John Hardin, a Revolutionary War soldier, the county’s largest city, Elizabethtown, grew as a transportation and trade center. The development of Fort Knox, located partially in Hardin County, has played a significant role in the county’s history and economy. The region’s mix of military, agriculture, and industry has contributed to its steady growth, making it one of the most populous counties in Kentucky.
Colleges and Universities
- Elizabethtown Community and Technical College: Provides associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce development programs in fields such as healthcare, manufacturing, and business.
- Western Kentucky University (Elizabethtown-Fort Knox Campus): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs tailored to working adults and military personnel.
Major Landmarks
Hardin County is home to Fort Knox, a U.S. Army base known for its role in military training and its depository of the U.S. gold reserves. Swope’s Cars of Yesteryear Museum in Elizabethtown displays vintage automobiles from the early 20th century. Freeman Lake Park offers outdoor recreation, including fishing, boating, and hiking. The General George S. Patton Museum of Leadership showcases military history and leadership lessons, honoring one of the most famous U.S. generals. Elizabethtown Nature Park features scenic walking trails and a memorial honoring Vietnam veterans.
7. Daviess County
County Facts
- Population: 103,312 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 270, 364
- ZIP Codes: 42301-42304
- County Seat: Owensboro
Geography and History
Daviess County is located in northwestern Kentucky, covering 477 square miles along the Ohio River. Established in 1815, the county is named after Colonel Joseph Hamilton Daviess, who died at the Battle of Tippecanoe. Owensboro, the county seat, developed as a key riverport and manufacturing center. The county’s economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, particularly tobacco, but has diversified to include healthcare, education, and food processing. Owensboro is known for its rich music history and is often referred to as the “Bluegrass Music Capital of the World.”
Colleges and Universities
- Brescia University: A private Catholic university offering undergraduate and graduate programs, known for its business and social work programs.
- Kentucky Wesleyan College: A private Methodist liberal arts college offering programs in business, education, and the arts.
- Owensboro Community and Technical College: Provides vocational and technical education as well as associate degrees in various fields, including nursing and business.
Major Landmarks
Daviess County is famous for The International Bluegrass Music Museum, which celebrates the history and heritage of bluegrass music. Smothers Park in downtown Owensboro offers beautiful riverfront views, playgrounds, and walking paths. The Owensboro Museum of Fine Art showcases regional and American art. Ben Hawes State Park offers hiking, golfing, and picnicking areas. Yellow Creek Park hosts the annual ROMP Bluegrass Festival, one of the largest bluegrass music events in the country. The Western Kentucky Botanical Garden is another popular attraction with beautiful floral displays.
8. Madison County
County Facts
- Population: 92,701 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 859
- ZIP Codes: 40403-40476
- County Seat: Richmond
Geography and History
Madison County is located in central Kentucky and covers 443 square miles. Established in 1785 and named after James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, the county is known for its historical significance and its scenic location in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Richmond, the county seat, is home to Eastern Kentucky University, which has played a vital role in the county’s growth. Madison County was also the site of the Battle of Richmond during the Civil War, one of the most significant battles fought in Kentucky.
Colleges and Universities
- Eastern Kentucky University (EKU): A public university known for its programs in criminal justice, education, and nursing. EKU has a strong focus on regional development and offers numerous online programs.
- Berea College: A private liberal arts college located in nearby Berea, known for its commitment to providing free tuition to low-income students and its focus on labor and service learning.
- Bluegrass Community and Technical College (Richmond Campus): Offers associate degrees, technical programs, and transfer opportunities to four-year institutions.
Major Landmarks
Madison County is home to the Battle of Richmond Visitors Center, which preserves the history of one of the largest Civil War battles in Kentucky. Fort Boonesborough State Park offers a glimpse into pioneer life with a reconstructed fort and living history demonstrations. White Hall State Historic Site is the former home of abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay. Lake Reba Recreational Complex in Richmond provides opportunities for fishing, boating, and hiking. Berea is known for its arts and crafts community, and the Kentucky Artisan Center showcases the work of local artists. The Historic Boone Tavern Hotel in Berea is another landmark, offering Southern hospitality and fine dining.
9. Franklin County
County Facts
- Population: 51,541 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 502
- ZIP Codes: 40601-40622
- County Seat: Frankfort
Geography and History
Franklin County is located in central Kentucky and covers 212 square miles along the Kentucky River. Established in 1795, the county is named after Benjamin Franklin. Frankfort, the county seat and state capital of Kentucky, has a long history tied to government and politics. The county’s location along the river helped it develop as a transportation hub, with industries such as bourbon distilling playing a key role in its economy. Today, Franklin County is known for its scenic beauty, historic sites, and as the seat of state government.
Colleges and Universities
- Kentucky State University (KSU): A historically Black public university offering programs in agriculture, business, and the sciences.
- Bluegrass Community and Technical College (Lawrenceburg Campus): Provides technical education and associate degree programs serving the Franklin County area.
Major Landmarks
Franklin County is home to The Kentucky State Capitol, a stunning Beaux-Arts building that serves as the center of government. Buffalo Trace Distillery, one of the oldest continually operating distilleries in the U.S., offers tours and tastings. The Old Governor’s Mansion and Liberty Hall Historic Site provide a look into Kentucky’s political history. Cove Spring Park offers hiking trails and scenic views of waterfalls and streams. The Capital City Museum showcases the history of Frankfort and Kentucky’s role in state and national politics. The Salato Wildlife Education Center provides interactive exhibits and wildlife viewing opportunities.
10. Campbell County
County Facts
- Population: 93,076 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 859
- ZIP Codes: 41001-41076
- County Seat: Newport and Alexandria (dual seats)
Geography and History
Campbell County is located in northern Kentucky along the Ohio River, covering 159 square miles. Established in 1794, the county is named after Colonel John Campbell, a Revolutionary War soldier. Campbell County is part of the Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area and has a history tied to river trade and industry. Newport, one of the county seats, was historically known for its entertainment industry and was once dubbed “Sin City” due to its casinos and nightlife. Today, Campbell County is a mix of urban, suburban, and rural areas, with strong ties to Cincinnati.
Colleges and Universities
- Northern Kentucky University (NKU): Located in nearby Highland Heights, NKU is a public university offering programs in business, law, education, and the sciences.
- Gateway Community and Technical College (Northern Kentucky Campus): Provides technical education and vocational training, offering associate degrees and certificates.
Major Landmarks
Campbell County is home to landmarks like Newport on the Levee, a popular entertainment complex with shops, restaurants, and an aquarium. The Newport Aquarium features exhibits on marine life from around the world. The World Peace Bell in Newport is one of the largest free-swinging bells in the world. AJ Jolly Park offers camping, fishing, and golf in a scenic outdoor setting. The Purple People Bridge is a pedestrian bridge connecting Newport to Cincinnati. St. Mary’s Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington is an architectural gem with stunning stained glass windows. The Southgate House Revival is a historic music venue that hosts concerts and events.