Originally a French colony, Louisiana was purchased by the U.S. in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Known for its distinct Creole culture and history, Louisiana has 64 parishes (equivalent to counties).
10 Largest Parishes in Louisiana
1. East Baton Rouge Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 457,000
- Area Codes: 225
- Zip Codes: 70704, 70710, 70714, 70719, 70739, 70770, 70791, 70801–70898
- Parish Seat: Baton Rouge
Geography and History:
East Baton Rouge Parish covers 470 square miles and is located in southeastern Louisiana, with the Mississippi River flowing along its western border. The parish features flat terrain, bayous, and wetlands, with a humid subtropical climate. Baton Rouge, the state capital, is the economic and cultural hub of the parish.
Established in 1810, the parish has a rich political and economic history. Baton Rouge’s location along the Mississippi River made it an important port and trade center. The region grew rapidly in the 20th century with the development of the petrochemical industry, which remains a key economic driver today. The construction of state government buildings and Louisiana State University (LSU) further cemented Baton Rouge’s role as a center of education and politics in Louisiana.
Colleges and Universities:
- Louisiana State University (LSU): A flagship public university with a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs, particularly known for its law, engineering, and agricultural programs.
- Southern University and A&M College: One of the largest historically black universities (HBCUs) in the U.S., offering programs in engineering, law, business, and education.
- Baton Rouge Community College: Offers associate degrees and certifications in various fields, including healthcare, technology, and business.
- Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University: A private Catholic institution focusing on healthcare and nursing programs.
Major Landmarks:
The Louisiana State Capitol, the tallest state capitol building in the U.S., is a major landmark in Baton Rouge. The Old State Capitol, a Gothic-style building, offers a glimpse into Louisiana’s political past. LSU’s Tiger Stadium, also known as “Death Valley,” is one of the most famous college football venues in the country. The USS Kidd, a World War II destroyer docked along the Mississippi River, serves as a museum and memorial. The Rural Life Museum and Magnolia Mound Plantation provide insights into the region’s plantation history.
2. Jefferson Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 440,000
- Area Codes: 504, 985
- Zip Codes: 70001–70096
- Parish Seat: Gretna
Geography and History:
Jefferson Parish spans 642 square miles and is located in southeastern Louisiana, encompassing both suburban areas and portions of the Mississippi River delta. The parish is divided into East Jefferson and West Jefferson, separated by the river. Its geography includes wetlands, marshes, and parts of Lake Pontchartrain. The climate is hot and humid, with frequent rainfall.
Established in 1825, the parish was named after President Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson Parish grew as a suburban area for New Orleans, with rapid development in the 20th century. Today, it is one of the most populous and economically diverse parishes in Louisiana, with industries ranging from petrochemicals to tourism. The parish’s proximity to New Orleans contributes significantly to its cultural and economic identity.
Colleges and Universities:
- University of New Orleans (UNO – Jefferson Campus): Offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, with a focus on business, engineering, and liberal arts.
- Delgado Community College (West Bank Campus): Provides associate degrees and certifications in various fields, including healthcare, culinary arts, and industrial technology.
- Herzing University (Metairie Campus): Offers career-focused programs in business, healthcare, and technology, catering to working adults.
- River Parishes Community College: Provides technical education and workforce development for Jefferson and surrounding parishes.
Major Landmarks:
The Huey P. Long Bridge, a key infrastructure landmark, connects East and West Jefferson across the Mississippi River. Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve is a major natural attraction, offering visitors the chance to explore Louisiana’s swamps and wetlands. The Audubon Zoo and Rivertown Historic District in Kenner highlight the region’s cultural and historical offerings. The Lakeside Shopping Center in Metairie is one of the largest malls in the area and a retail hub for the parish.
3. Orleans Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 391,000
- Area Codes: 504
- Zip Codes: 70112–70195
- Parish Seat: New Orleans
Geography and History:
Orleans Parish is coextensive with the city of New Orleans, covering 349 square miles. The parish is located in southeastern Louisiana and includes parts of the Mississippi River, Lake Pontchartrain, and extensive wetlands. Its geography is notable for being below sea level, requiring a complex system of levees and pumps to protect against flooding. The climate is humid and subtropical.
Founded in 1718 by French settlers, New Orleans became a major port city due to its strategic location along the Mississippi River. It was transferred to Spanish control in 1763 and eventually became part of the U.S. through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Over the centuries, New Orleans developed a unique Creole culture, influenced by French, Spanish, African, and Caribbean traditions. Today, Orleans Parish is the cultural heart of Louisiana, known for its vibrant music, cuisine, and festivals like Mardi Gras.
Colleges and Universities:
- Tulane University: A private research university known for its strong programs in law, public health, business, and the liberal arts.
- Loyola University New Orleans: A private Jesuit university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in arts, sciences, business, and law.
- University of New Orleans (UNO): A public university with programs in engineering, education, business, and the humanities.
- Xavier University of Louisiana: A historically black university with strong programs in pharmacy, healthcare, and the sciences.
Major Landmarks:
New Orleans is home to world-renowned landmarks, including the French Quarter, famous for its historic architecture, nightlife, and jazz music. Jackson Square and St. Louis Cathedral are iconic symbols of the city’s rich history. The National WWII Museum is a major educational and cultural attraction. Bourbon Street is a lively entertainment hub, while the Garden District offers a glimpse of the city’s historic mansions. Audubon Park and City Park provide green spaces for residents and visitors alike.
4. St. Tammany Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 264,000
- Area Codes: 985
- Zip Codes: 70420–70471
- Parish Seat: Covington
Geography and History:
St. Tammany Parish covers 1,124 square miles in southeastern Louisiana, north of Lake Pontchartrain. The parish’s geography is characterized by rolling hills, rivers, and wetlands. The Bogue Falaya River and Tchefuncte River are key waterways. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters.
Established in 1810, St. Tammany Parish was named after a legendary Native American leader, Chief Tamanend. Historically, the area was sparsely populated and primarily agricultural, but it grew rapidly in the 20th century as New Orleans residents moved north across Lake Pontchartrain for suburban living. Today, the parish is one of the fastest-growing in Louisiana, known for its natural beauty and high quality of life.
Colleges and Universities:
- Southeastern Louisiana University (Northshore Campus): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs, particularly in business, nursing, and education.
- Delgado Community College (Slidell and Covington Campuses): Provides technical and career training, including programs in healthcare, information technology, and industrial trades.
- Northshore Technical Community College: Offers associate degrees and certifications in fields such as business, engineering technology, and nursing.
- University of Holy Cross (Northshore Extension): A small Catholic university providing continuing education and specialized programs in healthcare and education.
Major Landmarks:
St. Tammany Parish is home to the Abita Mystery House, a quirky museum featuring folk art and oddities. Fontainebleau State Park offers camping, hiking, and scenic views of Lake Pontchartrain. The Global Wildlife Center near Folsom is a wildlife preserve where visitors can see exotic animals in a natural setting. Historic Downtown Covington is known for its shops, restaurants, and art galleries, while Slidell’s Honey Island Swamp provides a glimpse into the region’s unique ecosystem.
5. Lafayette Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 244,000
- Area Codes: 337
- Zip Codes: 70501–70598
- Parish Seat: Lafayette
Geography and History:
Lafayette Parish covers 270 square miles in southwestern Louisiana, located in the heart of Acadiana, a region known for its Cajun and Creole cultures. The geography consists of flat plains, bayous, and wetlands, with a humid subtropical climate.
Lafayette Parish was founded in 1823 and named after the Marquis de Lafayette, a French general who fought in the American Revolutionary War. The area has a strong French and Acadian cultural influence, which is evident in the food, music, and festivals. Lafayette Parish grew as an agricultural hub, but in the 20th century, it became a center for the oil and gas industry. Today, the parish is known for its cultural vibrancy, particularly in music, food, and festivals celebrating Cajun and Creole heritage.
Colleges and Universities:
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette): A public research university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in fields such as engineering, business, and the arts. UL Lafayette is known for its research in environmental sciences and engineering.
- South Louisiana Community College: Offers associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce development programs in healthcare, technology, and business.
- Aveda Institute: Provides training in cosmetology and beauty-related fields, offering students the chance to pursue careers in the beauty industry.
- Remington College (Lafayette Campus): Offers career-focused programs in healthcare, business, and technology for working adults.
Major Landmarks:
Lafayette Parish is home to Vermilionville, a living history museum that showcases Cajun and Creole culture. Acadian Village is another cultural attraction, featuring restored 19th-century homes. Lafayette’s Cajundome hosts major events, including concerts, sports, and festivals. The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, a stunning example of Gothic Revival architecture, is a historic site in downtown Lafayette. The Atchafalaya Swamp, located nearby, offers visitors the chance to explore one of the largest wetlands in the U.S.
6. Caddo Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 238,000
- Area Codes: 318
- Zip Codes: 71033–71166
- Parish Seat: Shreveport
Geography and History:
Caddo Parish, located in the northwestern corner of Louisiana, covers 937 square miles. The Red River flows through the region, which is a mix of urban areas, forests, and agricultural land. The parish has a humid subtropical climate with long, hot summers and mild winters.
Caddo Parish was established in 1838, named after the Caddo Native American tribe that originally inhabited the area. Shreveport, the parish seat, developed as a key port city along the Red River, especially after the construction of the Texas Trail in the 19th century. The discovery of oil in the early 20th century led to an economic boom in Shreveport, making the city a hub for the oil industry. Today, the parish’s economy is diversified, with healthcare, manufacturing, and tourism playing important roles.
Colleges and Universities:
- Louisiana State University Shreveport (LSUS): A public university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in business, education, and the liberal arts.
- Southern University Shreveport: A historically black community college offering associate degrees and vocational training in healthcare, technology, and business.
- Centenary College of Louisiana: A private liberal arts college in Shreveport known for its strong programs in the arts, humanities, and sciences.
- Northwest Louisiana Technical College: Offers technical education and workforce training programs in fields such as healthcare, manufacturing, and technology.
Major Landmarks:
Caddo Parish is home to the Shreveport Municipal Auditorium, famous for hosting the Louisiana Hayride radio program, which launched the careers of artists like Elvis Presley. Sci-Port Discovery Center is a science museum and planetarium that provides interactive exhibits for children and adults. The R.W. Norton Art Gallery features a collection of American and European art, while the American Rose Center showcases thousands of rose varieties in beautifully landscaped gardens. Cross Lake is a popular destination for fishing, boating, and outdoor recreation.
7. Calcasieu Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 210,000
- Area Codes: 337
- Zip Codes: 70601–70669
- Parish Seat: Lake Charles
Geography and History:
Calcasieu Parish covers 1,094 square miles in southwestern Louisiana, bordering the Gulf of Mexico. The geography consists of coastal wetlands, bayous, rivers, and prairies. The Calcasieu River is a major waterway in the parish, which has a humid subtropical climate, with frequent rainfall and mild winters.
Calcasieu Parish was founded in 1840 and named after the Atakapa word for “crying eagle.” Lake Charles, the parish seat, became an important industrial hub in the 20th century due to its location near the Gulf of Mexico and its access to oil and gas resources. The petrochemical industry, along with shipbuilding and manufacturing, has driven the parish’s economic development. Today, the area is also known for its tourism and cultural events, including Mardi Gras celebrations.
Colleges and Universities:
- McNeese State University: A public university in Lake Charles, offering programs in business, education, engineering, and the sciences. It is known for its agricultural research and engineering programs.
- SOWELA Technical Community College: Offers associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce training in fields such as aviation, healthcare, and industrial technology.
- Delta Tech: A private technical school providing training in HVAC, welding, and medical fields, serving the region’s workforce development needs.
- Louisiana State University (LSU AgCenter – Lake Charles): Provides agricultural education, research, and extension services to support local farmers and industries.
Major Landmarks:
Sam Houston Jones State Park offers hiking, fishing, and camping in a scenic natural setting. The Creole Nature Trail is a scenic byway that takes visitors through Louisiana’s coastal wetlands and offers opportunities to spot alligators, birds, and other wildlife. The Mardi Gras Museum of Imperial Calcasieu celebrates the rich Mardi Gras traditions of Lake Charles. L’Auberge Casino Resort and Golden Nugget Lake Charles are popular entertainment destinations that include gaming, golf, and fine dining. Historic Charpentier District features stunning Victorian architecture that reflects the history of Lake Charles.
8. Ouachita Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 155,000
- Area Codes: 318
- Zip Codes: 71201–71294
- Parish Seat: Monroe
Geography and History:
Ouachita Parish is located in northeastern Louisiana, covering 632 square miles. The parish is part of the Ouachita River Valley, with a landscape that includes forests, farmland, and the river. The climate is humid and subtropical, with hot, humid summers and mild winters.
Ouachita Parish was founded in 1807 and named after the Ouachita Native American tribe. Monroe, the parish seat, grew in the 19th century as a center of trade and transportation due to its location along the Ouachita River. The city later became a hub for manufacturing, particularly with the arrival of aviation and communications industries in the 20th century. Today, Ouachita Parish has a diverse economy that includes healthcare, education, and manufacturing.
Colleges and Universities:
- University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM): A public university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in fields such as pharmacy, business, and education. ULM is known for its strong health sciences programs.
- Louisiana Delta Community College: Provides associate degrees, technical certifications, and workforce development programs in healthcare, business, and technology.
- Grambling State University: Located nearby, this historically black university offers programs in nursing, criminal justice, business, and the liberal arts.
- Career Technical College (Monroe Campus): Offers vocational training in healthcare, business, and information technology for students pursuing technical careers.
Major Landmarks:
Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge offers visitors a chance to explore Louisiana’s wetlands, with opportunities for birdwatching, fishing, and kayaking. The Biedenharn Museum and Gardens in Monroe highlights the history of Coca-Cola bottling and features beautiful formal gardens. Chennault Aviation and Military Museum celebrates Monroe’s contributions to aviation history, including Delta Air Lines’ origins. The Louisiana Purchase Gardens and Zoo is a popular family destination that showcases animals from around the world. Kiroli Park provides scenic walking trails, playgrounds, and picnic areas.
9. Tangipahoa Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 134,000
- Area Codes: 985
- Zip Codes: 70401–70466
- Parish Seat: Amite City
Geography and History:
Tangipahoa Parish is located in southeastern Louisiana and spans 823 square miles. The geography includes rolling hills, pine forests, and rivers, including the Tangipahoa River. The parish has a humid subtropical climate, with hot summers and mild winters.
Established in 1869, Tangipahoa Parish was named after the Tangipahoa Native American tribe, whose name means “corn gatherers.” The parish grew as a center for agriculture, particularly strawberries, and timber. Today, the area is known for its agriculture, manufacturing, and growing tourism industry, with towns like Hammond and Ponchatoula attracting visitors for festivals and local charm.
Colleges and Universities:
- Southeastern Louisiana University: A public university located in Hammond, offering undergraduate and graduate programs in business, education, nursing, and the sciences.
- Northshore Technical Community College (Hammond Campus): Provides technical education and workforce development in healthcare, industrial technology, and business fields.
- Delgado Community College (Northshore Campus): Offers associate degrees and technical programs to residents of Tangipahoa and nearby parishes.
- Blue Cliff College: A career-focused institution that provides training in healthcare, cosmetology, and other technical fields.
Major Landmarks:
The Louisiana Renaissance Festival, held annually in Hammond, is a major cultural event that attracts visitors from across the region. Global Wildlife Center near Folsom allows visitors to see exotic animals in a free-roaming environment. Ponchatoula, known as the “Strawberry Capital of the World,” hosts an annual Strawberry Festival and features charming antique shops and restaurants. The Hammond Oak, a centuries-old tree, is a natural landmark in the town of Hammond. Tangipahoa African American Heritage Museum offers exhibits on the history and contributions of African Americans in the region.
10. Rapides Parish
Parish Facts:
- Population: Approximately 130,000
- Area Codes: 318
- Zip Codes: 71301–71485
- Parish Seat: Alexandria
Geography and History:
Rapides Parish is located in central Louisiana, covering 1,362 square miles. The geography includes forests, rivers, and farmland, with the Red River running through the parish. The parish has a humid subtropical climate, with warm summers and mild winters.
Founded in 1807, Rapides Parish was named after the French word for “rapids,” referring to the river’s swift currents near Alexandria. Alexandria, the parish seat, grew as a center for trade, particularly during the 19th century when it became an important river port. The parish has a rich history tied to both agriculture and military, with Fort Polk nearby. Today, Rapides Parish has a diversified economy that includes healthcare, education, and manufacturing.
Colleges and Universities:
- Louisiana State University at Alexandria (LSUA): A public university offering undergraduate programs in nursing, business, criminal justice, and the liberal arts.
- Central Louisiana Technical Community College: Provides associate degrees, certifications, and workforce development programs in fields such as healthcare, technology, and industrial trades.
- Northwestern State University (Rapides Campus): Offers undergraduate and graduate programs in education, nursing, and business through its Alexandria satellite campus.
- Delta College of Arts & Technology: A vocational school offering programs in medical assisting, business, and technology.
Major Landmarks:
The Alexandria Zoological Park is a popular family destination featuring exhibits of animals from around the world. Kent Plantation House, one of the oldest structures in the region, offers a glimpse into pre-Civil War life in central Louisiana. The Alexandria Museum of Art showcases contemporary and regional art. Fort Buhlow State Historic Site preserves the history of Civil War battles fought in the area. Kisatchie National Forest, located nearby, offers hiking, camping, and scenic views of Louisiana’s natural beauty.