Originally part of Massachusetts, Maine became its own state in 1820 under the Missouri Compromise. Known for its maritime history, Maine has 16 counties.
10 Largest Counties in Maine
1. Cumberland County
County Facts
- Population: 303,069 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04001-04124
- County Seat: Portland
Geography and History
Cumberland County is located in southern Maine along the coast, covering 1,217 square miles. Established in 1760, it is named after the Duke of Cumberland. The county’s location on Casco Bay, with its numerous islands and inlets, contributed to its early development as a hub for trade, shipbuilding, and fishing. Portland, the largest city in Maine and the county seat, has been a key port city since colonial times. Cumberland County’s economy has historically revolved around maritime industries, but in recent decades, it has diversified into sectors like healthcare, education, and tourism. The county’s proximity to both the Atlantic Ocean and inland natural areas makes it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Southern Maine: A public university with campuses in Portland and Gorham, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, including business, education, and public health.
- Southern Maine Community College: A public community college in South Portland, providing associate degrees and technical training in fields such as nursing, culinary arts, and fire science.
- Maine College of Art & Design: A private art school in Portland known for its fine arts, design, and craft programs.
- Saint Joseph’s College of Maine: A private Catholic liberal arts college located in Standish, offering programs in business, nursing, and education.
Major Landmarks
Cumberland County is known for its scenic and cultural landmarks, including Portland Head Light, one of the most iconic lighthouses in the U.S., located in Cape Elizabeth. Old Port in downtown Portland offers a mix of historic architecture, restaurants, and shops along the waterfront. Casco Bay Islands, such as Peaks Island and Long Island, are popular spots for day trips and outdoor activities. Fort Williams Park offers historic ruins, hiking trails, and coastal views. Sebago Lake, the second-largest lake in Maine, is a popular destination for boating, fishing, and camping. The Portland Museum of Art houses an extensive collection of American and European works, while Mackworth Island provides scenic hiking trails and birdwatching.
2. York County
County Facts
- Population: 211,972 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 03901-04090
- County Seat: Alfred
Geography and History
York County, located in southern Maine, spans 1,270 square miles and is the state’s oldest county, founded in 1636. It was named after York, England, and was originally part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The county is known for its beautiful coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, with popular beach towns like Old Orchard Beach, Wells, and Kennebunkport. York County has a diverse economy that historically centered on fishing, shipbuilding, and agriculture, but now includes tourism, retail, and manufacturing. Its proximity to New Hampshire and Boston has made it a popular area for commuters and tourists alike.
Colleges and Universities
- University of New England (UNE): A private university with campuses in Biddeford and Portland, known for its programs in health sciences, including medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy.
- York County Community College: A public community college in Wells offering associate degrees and certificates in fields such as business, health sciences, and technology.
- Biddeford Regional Center of Technology: Offers technical and vocational education to high school students and adults, focusing on trades like automotive technology and culinary arts.
Major Landmarks
York County is famous for Old Orchard Beach, a historic beach town with a boardwalk, amusement park, and seven miles of sandy beaches. Nubble Light (Cape Neddick Lighthouse) in York is one of the most photographed lighthouses in the country. Kennebunkport is a popular tourist destination known for its historic charm and as the summer home of the Bush family. Wells Reserve at Laudholm offers nature trails and exhibits on local ecology. Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge preserves coastal habitats and provides walking trails for visitors. Mount Agamenticus offers panoramic views and hiking trails, while Fort McClary State Park in Kittery features historical military structures dating back to the Revolutionary War.
3. Penobscot County
County Facts
- Population: 152,199 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04401-04930
- County Seat: Bangor
Geography and History
Penobscot County is located in central Maine, covering 3,557 square miles. The county was established in 1816 and named after the Penobscot Native American tribe, who have inhabited the region for thousands of years. Bangor, the county seat, became a major lumber port in the 19th century, thanks to its location on the Penobscot River, which facilitated the transport of timber from Maine’s vast forests. Over time, Penobscot County’s economy diversified into manufacturing, healthcare, and education, with Bangor remaining the economic and cultural hub. The county’s geography includes forests, rivers, and lakes, making it a prime area for outdoor recreation.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Maine (UMaine): Located in Orono, UMaine is the state’s flagship public university, offering a wide range of programs, including engineering, agriculture, and marine sciences.
- Husson University: A private university in Bangor known for its business, nursing, and pharmacy programs.
- Eastern Maine Community College: A public community college in Bangor offering associate degrees and technical training in fields such as nursing, HVAC, and culinary arts.
- Beal University: A private institution in Bangor offering career-focused programs in health sciences, criminal justice, and business.
Major Landmarks
Penobscot County is home to Stephen King’s House in Bangor, a popular attraction for fans of the famous author. The Penobscot River offers opportunities for kayaking, fishing, and scenic boat tours. Mount Katahdin, located in nearby Baxter State Park, is the highest peak in Maine and a popular destination for hikers, including those finishing the Appalachian Trail. The Bangor Waterfront hosts concerts and events, while Fort Knox State Historic Site near Bucksport offers tours of a well-preserved 19th-century fort. The Maine Discovery Museum in Bangor is a popular spot for children’s exhibits. The Cole Land Transportation Museum showcases the history of transportation in Maine, with a focus on logging, farming, and military vehicles.
4. Aroostook County
County Facts
- Population: 67,105 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04730-04794
- County Seat: Houlton
Geography and History
Aroostook County, located in northern Maine, is the largest county in the state and the eastern U.S., covering 6,828 square miles. Known as “The County” by locals, Aroostook was established in 1839 after a boundary dispute with Canada, known as the Aroostook War, was settled. The county’s vast, rural landscape includes rolling hills, forests, and farmland. It is a major agricultural region, particularly known for potato farming. In addition to agriculture, forestry and manufacturing have been central to the county’s economy. Due to its remote location, Aroostook County has a unique culture with strong Acadian and Native American influences.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Maine at Presque Isle (UMPI): A public university offering undergraduate programs in education, business, and environmental science, with a focus on hands-on learning and career readiness.
- Northern Maine Community College (NMCC): Located in Presque Isle, NMCC offers technical and vocational training in fields such as automotive technology, healthcare, and renewable energy.
- University of Maine at Fort Kent (UMFK): A public university near the Canadian border, offering programs in nursing, forestry, and environmental studies, with a strong focus on cross-border education and collaboration with Canadian institutions.
Major Landmarks
Aroostook County’s landmarks reflect its natural beauty and cultural history. Aroostook State Park is Maine’s first state park and offers hiking, camping, and fishing opportunities. The Maine Solar System Model stretches 40 miles along U.S. Route 1, making it one of the largest 3D models of the solar system in the world. Fort Kent Blockhouse is a historic structure built during the Aroostook War, and The Nordic Heritage Center in Presque Isle offers world-class facilities for cross-country skiing and biathlon. The St. John Valley is known for its Acadian culture, with events like the Ploye Festival celebrating the region’s French-Canadian heritage. Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge provides habitat for a variety of wildlife, including moose, bear, and migratory birds.
5. Androscoggin County
County Facts
- Population: 111,139 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04210-04292
- County Seat: Auburn
Geography and History
Androscoggin County is located in south-central Maine, covering 497 square miles. The county was formed in 1854 from parts of Cumberland, Lincoln, and Kennebec Counties and is named after the Androscoggin River, which played a critical role in the area’s early industrial development. Lewiston and Auburn, the two largest cities in the county, are located along the river and historically became major textile manufacturing centers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. While manufacturing has declined, the county’s economy has diversified to include healthcare, education, and services. The Androscoggin River is now a focal point for recreation and environmental restoration efforts.
Colleges and Universities
- Bates College: A private liberal arts college in Lewiston, known for its rigorous academics and strong programs in the humanities, social sciences, and environmental studies.
- Central Maine Community College: Located in Auburn, this public college offers associate degrees and certificates in fields such as business, information technology, and health sciences.
- University of Southern Maine (Lewiston-Auburn College): A branch of the University of Southern Maine, offering programs in education, business, and leadership studies.
- Kaplan University (Lewiston Campus): Provides online and campus-based programs in business, healthcare, and criminal justice.
Major Landmarks
Androscoggin County’s landmarks reflect its industrial heritage and natural beauty. Lewiston’s Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, one of the largest churches in New England, is a striking example of Gothic Revival architecture. The Androscoggin Riverwalk connects Lewiston and Auburn and offers scenic views of the river and historic mills. Thorncrag Bird Sanctuary is a popular spot for hiking and birdwatching. Festival Plaza in Auburn hosts outdoor concerts and community events. The Great Falls Balloon Festival draws visitors each year to watch hot air balloons rise over the Androscoggin River. Lost Valley Ski Area offers skiing and snowboarding in the winter months.
6. Kennebec County
County Facts
- Population: 123,642 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04330-04989
- County Seat: Augusta
Geography and History
Kennebec County is located in central Maine and covers 951 square miles. Established in 1799, the county is named after the Kennebec River, which flows through its center. The river played a crucial role in the county’s early economy, particularly in shipbuilding, logging, and trade. Augusta, the state capital, is the county seat and one of the oldest settlements in the region. Today, Kennebec County’s economy is centered around government, healthcare, and education, with the Kennebec River continuing to be an important natural and recreational resource.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Maine at Augusta (UMA): A public university offering programs in liberal arts, business, and social sciences, as well as one of the few aviation programs in Maine.
- Colby College: A prestigious private liberal arts college located in Waterville, known for its strong programs in economics, environmental studies, and international relations.
- Thomas College: A private college in Waterville offering undergraduate and graduate programs in business, technology, and education.
- Kennebec Valley Community College: Located in Fairfield, this public community college offers degrees in nursing, renewable energy, and trades.
Major Landmarks
Kennebec County is home to several historical and natural landmarks. The Maine State House in Augusta is a prominent government building with a rich history. Old Fort Western, a National Historic Landmark, is the oldest surviving wooden fort in the United States, offering tours and reenactments. The Kennebec River Rail Trail is a scenic route for walking, biking, and jogging along the river. The Colby College Museum of Art houses one of the largest collections of American art in Maine. Viles Arboretum in Augusta offers walking trails and botanical displays. Messalonskee Lake is a popular spot for boating and fishing.
7. Oxford County
County Facts
- Population: 57,777 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 03901-04286
- County Seat: Paris
Geography and History
Oxford County is located in western Maine, bordering New Hampshire, and covers 2,176 square miles. Established in 1805, the county is named after Oxford, Massachusetts. The area is known for its rugged terrain, including the White Mountains and numerous lakes and rivers, which have shaped its economy around tourism, logging, and agriculture. The county seat, Paris, is a small town that serves as the administrative and economic center of the region. Oxford County is sparsely populated and relies heavily on its natural resources and outdoor recreation.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Maine at Farmington (UMF): While located just outside the county, UMF serves many students from Oxford County and offers strong programs in education, psychology, and environmental studies.
- Central Maine Community College (South Paris Extension): Provides associate degrees and vocational training in trades, business, and healthcare.
Major Landmarks
Oxford County is a major destination for outdoor enthusiasts, with Sunday River Resort in Newry being one of the largest ski resorts in New England, offering skiing, snowboarding, and year-round activities. Grafton Notch State Park features dramatic mountain scenery and hiking trails, including sections of the Appalachian Trail. The Oxford Casino offers gaming and entertainment. Songo River Queen II, a replica paddle-wheeler, provides boat tours on Long Lake. Mollyockett Day in Bethel is an annual festival celebrating the region’s history and culture. Mount Blue State Park offers camping, hiking, and fishing in a beautiful mountain setting.
8. Somerset County
County Facts
- Population: 50,477 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04911-04986
- County Seat: Skowhegan
Geography and History
Somerset County is located in central Maine, covering 4,094 square miles, making it one of the largest counties in the state by area. Established in 1809, the county was named after Somerset County, England. The Kennebec River runs through the county, contributing to its early economy, which was based on logging, agriculture, and trade. Skowhegan, the county seat, became a regional center for commerce and industry. Today, Somerset County’s economy is still rooted in agriculture, forestry, and tourism, with many residents engaged in dairy farming, maple syrup production, and outdoor recreation.
Colleges and Universities
- Kennebec Valley Community College (KVCC): Located in Fairfield, KVCC offers a variety of associate degree programs, including in nursing, renewable energy, and business.
- University of Maine (Cooperative Extension): Provides educational outreach and agricultural programs throughout Somerset County, supporting local farmers and businesses.
Major Landmarks
Somerset County is known for its outdoor attractions, including Moosehead Lake, the largest lake in Maine, which offers fishing, boating, and wildlife viewing. The Skowhegan State Fair, held annually, is one of the oldest state fairs in the country. Coburn Mountain is a popular destination for snowmobiling, while Lake George Regional Park offers hiking, swimming, and camping. The Kennebec River Gorge is famous for whitewater rafting and kayaking. The Margaret Chase Smith Library in Skowhegan honors the legacy of the U.S. Senator who was the first woman to serve in both houses of Congress.
9. Hancock County
County Facts
- Population: 55,478 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 207
- ZIP Codes: 04416-04679
- County Seat: Ellsworth
Geography and History
Hancock County is located on Maine’s Atlantic coast, covering 2,351 square miles. Established in 1789, it was named after John Hancock, a prominent figure in the American Revolution. The county’s rugged coastline and numerous islands, including Mount Desert Island, have made it a center for maritime activities and tourism. Ellsworth, the county seat, serves as the commercial hub for the region, while Bar Harbor, located on Mount Desert Island, is a popular tourist destination. The county’s economy has historically been tied to fishing, shipbuilding, and lumber, but today tourism is a major economic driver.
Colleges and Universities
- College of the Atlantic: A private liberal arts college in Bar Harbor, known for its unique interdisciplinary program focused on human ecology, environmental studies, and sustainability.
- Husson University (Ellsworth Center): Offers online and on-campus programs in business, healthcare, and education.
- University of Maine (Cooperative Extension): Provides research, education, and support to the county’s agricultural and marine industries.
Major Landmarks
Hancock County is home to Acadia National Park, one of the most visited national parks in the U.S., offering breathtaking coastal views, hiking trails, and outdoor recreation. Cadillac Mountain in Acadia is the highest peak on the East Coast and the first place to see the sunrise in the U.S. Bar Harbor is known for its charming downtown, whale watching, and harbor cruises. Schoodic Peninsula offers a quieter, more remote section of Acadia National Park. Ellsworth’s Historic District features 19th-century architecture and local shops. The Blue Hill Peninsula is a scenic area known for its art galleries and sailing.