Montana became a state in 1889 and is known for its vast wilderness and role in mining and ranching. It has 56 counties.
10 Largest Counties in Montana
1. Yellowstone County
County Facts
- Population: 164,731 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59001-59117
- County Seat: Billings
Geography and History
Yellowstone County, located in southern Montana, covers 2,649 square miles and is home to Billings, the largest city in the state. Established in 1883, the county is named after the Yellowstone River, which flows through the region and was a key route for early explorers and fur traders. The county’s economy has historically been tied to agriculture, oil refining, and transportation due to its strategic location along the Yellowstone River and rail lines. Today, Yellowstone County is an economic hub for Montana, with industries ranging from healthcare and education to energy and retail.
Colleges and Universities
- Montana State University Billings (MSU Billings): A public university offering undergraduate and graduate programs in fields such as education, business, and health sciences. MSU Billings is known for its online learning programs and strong community engagement.
- Rocky Mountain College: A private liberal arts college in Billings offering programs in aviation, business, and biology. The college emphasizes hands-on learning and internships.
- City College at MSU Billings: A two-year community college that provides technical and vocational training, as well as transfer programs to four-year institutions.
Major Landmarks
Yellowstone County boasts several major landmarks, including Pictograph Cave State Park, where ancient Native American rock art can be seen. The Rimrocks, a series of sandstone cliffs surrounding Billings, offer hiking and scenic views of the city. Moss Mansion, a historic home in Billings, showcases early 20th-century architecture and lifestyle. ZooMontana is the only zoo in the state, featuring animals from around the world. Riverfront Park offers hiking, fishing, and views of the Yellowstone River. Western Heritage Center and Yellowstone Art Museum highlight the cultural history and artistic talent of the region.
2. Missoula County
County Facts
- Population: 117,922 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59801-59899
- County Seat: Missoula
Geography and History
Missoula County, located in western Montana, spans 2,618 square miles and is home to Missoula, the second-largest city in the state. Established in 1860, the county’s name comes from a Salish Indian word meaning “near the cold, chilling waters,” referring to the Clark Fork River that runs through the area. The county developed as a logging and transportation hub due to its proximity to mountain passes and railroads. Today, Missoula is a regional center for education, healthcare, and the arts, with a strong outdoor recreation industry thanks to its surrounding forests and rivers.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Montana (UM): A public research university known for its programs in environmental science, forestry, and journalism. UM is one of the leading institutions in the region, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs.
- Missoula College: A two-year college affiliated with the University of Montana, offering programs in nursing, business, and technical fields.
- Montana Digital Academy (MTDA): A statewide K-12 online education program based in Missoula that provides flexible learning options for students across Montana.
Major Landmarks
Missoula County is known for its scenic beauty and outdoor activities. Mount Sentinel and the M Trail are popular hiking destinations offering panoramic views of the city and valley. The Missoula Art Museum features contemporary art from regional and national artists. Fort Missoula is a historical site that dates back to 1877, serving as a military post and later as an internment camp during World War II. Caras Park along the Clark Fork River hosts outdoor events and festivals, while Brennan’s Wave is a man-made feature on the river popular for kayaking and surfing. Lolo National Forest surrounds Missoula and provides opportunities for camping, hiking, and fishing.
3. Gallatin County
County Facts
- Population: 118,960 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59714-59772
- County Seat: Bozeman
Geography and History
Gallatin County, located in southwestern Montana, covers 2,631 square miles. The county was named after Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison, and was established in 1865. It is home to Bozeman, one of the fastest-growing cities in Montana, largely due to its strong economy and proximity to Yellowstone National Park. The Gallatin River runs through the county, providing a scenic landscape ideal for outdoor recreation such as fishing, rafting, and hiking. Gallatin County’s economy is diverse, with key sectors including technology, tourism, education, and agriculture.
Colleges and Universities
- Montana State University (MSU): A public research university in Bozeman, offering top-ranked programs in engineering, agriculture, and business. MSU is also known for its research in renewable energy and environmental sciences.
- Gallatin College MSU: A two-year institution offering associate degrees and technical certificates in fields such as aviation, health sciences, and construction.
- Academy of Cosmetology: Located in Bozeman, this school provides education and training in cosmetology, esthetics, and related fields.
Major Landmarks
Gallatin County’s major landmarks include Museum of the Rockies, which houses one of the largest collections of dinosaur fossils in the world. Bozeman Hot Springs is a popular destination for relaxation and wellness. The Gallatin River is renowned for its blue-ribbon trout fishing, while Bridger Bowl Ski Area offers skiing and snowboarding in the nearby mountains. Big Sky Resort, located just outside the county, is one of the largest ski resorts in the U.S. Yellowstone National Park, while not entirely in Gallatin County, is easily accessible and a major draw for tourists. Downtown Bozeman features historic architecture, shops, restaurants, and annual festivals.
4. Flathead County
County Facts
- Population: 104,357 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59901-59937
- County Seat: Kalispell
Geography and History
Flathead County, located in northwestern Montana, spans 5,256 square miles, making it one of the largest counties in the state. Established in 1893, the county is named after the Flathead Native American tribe, who have lived in the region for centuries. The county’s geography is dominated by forests, lakes, and mountains, including Flathead Lake, the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. The economy of Flathead County revolves around tourism, logging, agriculture, and outdoor recreation. Kalispell serves as the commercial and cultural hub, while nearby towns like Whitefish and Bigfork attract tourists year-round.
Colleges and Universities
- Flathead Valley Community College (FVCC): A public community college offering associate degrees, certificates, and continuing education programs in fields like healthcare, business, and trades.
- University of Montana (Flathead Lake Biological Station): This research facility, located on the shores of Flathead Lake, focuses on freshwater ecology and environmental sciences.
- Creston College of Art and Design: A small private institution offering specialized programs in visual arts and design.
Major Landmarks
Flathead County is renowned for its natural beauty and outdoor recreation opportunities. Glacier National Park is one of the most visited national parks in the U.S., offering stunning vistas, hiking trails, and wildlife viewing. Flathead Lake is a popular destination for boating, fishing, and camping. Whitefish Mountain Resort offers skiing, snowboarding, and mountain biking. Bigfork is known for its arts scene, including the Bigfork Summer Playhouse and local galleries. Lone Pine State Park provides hiking trails and scenic views of the valley. Conrad Mansion Museum in Kalispell offers a glimpse into the life of one of the area’s founding families.
5. Cascade County
County Facts
- Population: 84,414 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59401-59487
- County Seat: Great Falls
Geography and History
Cascade County is located in central Montana, covering 2,711 square miles. Established in 1887, the county is named after the series of waterfalls along the Missouri River that run through Great Falls, the county seat. The county has long been a transportation and trade hub due to its location along the river and its connection to railroads. Historically, the economy was driven by agriculture, mining, and hydroelectric power, with Great Falls earning the nickname “The Electric City.” Today, Cascade County’s economy includes healthcare, manufacturing, and military operations, with Malmstrom Air Force Base playing a significant role in the area.
Colleges and Universities
- University of Providence: A private Catholic university in Great Falls offering programs in nursing, business, and education, with a strong emphasis on healthcare education.
- Great Falls College Montana State University: A public two-year college offering associate degrees, certifications, and workforce training in fields like healthcare, trades, and business.
- Montana Tech (Great Falls Extension): Offers specialized programs in engineering, technology, and applied sciences through partnerships with local industries.
Major Landmarks
Cascade County’s major landmarks include Giant Springs State Park, which features one of the largest freshwater springs in the world and scenic trails along the Missouri River. The Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Great Falls provides exhibits and information about the explorers’ journey through the area. First Peoples Buffalo Jump State Park, just outside Great Falls, is one of the largest buffalo jump sites in North America, offering a window into Native American history. C.M. Russell Museum showcases the works of the famous Western artist Charles Marion Russell. The Great Falls of the Missouri River themselves are a series of five waterfalls that were instrumental in the city’s founding and hydroelectric power generation.
6. Ravalli County
County Facts
- Population: 44,174 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59820-59875
- County Seat: Hamilton
Geography and History
Ravalli County, located in western Montana along the Bitterroot Valley, covers 2,400 square miles. Established in 1893, it was named after Father Anthony Ravalli, a Jesuit priest who contributed to the development of the region. The Bitterroot River flows through the county, making the valley a fertile area for agriculture, particularly for fruit orchards and cattle ranching. The Bitterroot Mountains to the west provide stunning natural landscapes and outdoor recreation opportunities. Today, the county’s economy is a mix of agriculture, tourism, and light manufacturing, with Hamilton serving as the commercial hub.
Colleges and Universities
- Bitterroot College University of Montana: A two-year community college located in Hamilton offering associate degrees and certifications in fields like business, healthcare, and trades. It also serves as a satellite for the University of Montana, offering transfer programs to four-year degrees.
- University of Montana (Extension Services): Provides educational outreach and agricultural research to residents of Ravalli County, supporting local farmers and businesses.
Major Landmarks
Ravalli County’s major landmarks include Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge, which offers birdwatching, hiking, and photography opportunities amidst diverse wetlands. Bitterroot National Forest is a prime destination for hiking, camping, and fishing, with access to several wilderness areas. Daly Mansion, the historic home of copper baron Marcus Daly, is open for tours and events. Blodgett Canyon is famous for its sheer granite walls and stunning hiking trails. The Bitterroot River is a popular fly-fishing destination, known for its trout. Lost Trail Powder Mountain, located on the Montana-Idaho border, is a favorite ski resort for locals and visitors alike.
7. Silver Bow County
County Facts
- Population: 35,133 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59701-59750
- County Seat: Butte
Geography and History
Silver Bow County, located in southwestern Montana, spans 718 square miles. Established in 1881, the county is home to Butte, which was once known as “The Richest Hill on Earth” due to its vast copper mines. The discovery of silver, and later copper, made Butte one of the largest cities in the western United States during the early 20th century. The county’s economy was historically dominated by mining, particularly copper extraction, but has diversified into healthcare, education, and tourism. The region is also known for its strong labor history and the role of the labor unions in shaping the city’s development.
Colleges and Universities
- Montana Technological University (Montana Tech): A public university in Butte known for its programs in engineering, mining, and applied sciences. Montana Tech is one of the leading universities in the country for mining and geological engineering.
- Highlands College of Montana Tech: A two-year college offering associate degrees and technical training in fields like healthcare, trades, and business.
- Butte Academy of Beauty Culture: Offers certification programs in cosmetology and related fields.
Major Landmarks
Silver Bow County is rich in historical landmarks related to its mining heritage. The World Museum of Mining in Butte offers visitors a chance to explore an underground mine and learn about the city’s history. Berkeley Pit, a former open-pit copper mine, is now a tourist attraction and environmental research site. The Copper King Mansion, once the home of mining magnate William A. Clark, is open for tours. Our Lady of the Rockies, a massive statue located on the Continental Divide, overlooks Butte and honors women, especially mothers. Butte’s Historic Uptown District is known for its well-preserved architecture from the early 1900s, featuring saloons, shops, and Victorian-era buildings.
8. Lewis and Clark County
County Facts
- Population: 70,973 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59601-59648
- County Seat: Helena
Geography and History
Lewis and Clark County, located in west-central Montana, spans 3,498 square miles. The county was established in 1865 and named after the famed explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, who traveled through the area during their expedition. Helena, the county seat, serves as Montana’s capital city and has a rich history tied to the Gold Rush of the 1860s, which transformed the town into a prosperous mining hub. Today, the county’s economy revolves around government services, healthcare, and education, with a growing tourism sector thanks to its proximity to national forests and rivers.
Colleges and Universities
- Carroll College: A private Catholic liberal arts college in Helena, offering undergraduate degrees in fields like nursing, biology, and engineering. Carroll is known for its small class sizes and strong academic programs.
- Helena College University of Montana: A public two-year institution offering associate degrees and technical training in fields like aviation, business, and healthcare.
- University of Providence (Helena Extension): Provides adult education and graduate programs in business and education, aimed at working professionals in the region.
Major Landmarks
Lewis and Clark County is known for its historical and natural attractions. The Montana State Capitol building in Helena is a stunning example of neoclassical architecture and houses the state government. Cathedral of St. Helena is a beautiful Gothic-style cathedral that dominates the city’s skyline. Helena’s Last Chance Gulch, once a bustling gold rush street, is now a historic district with shops, restaurants, and museums. Gates of the Mountains Wilderness offers boat tours through scenic canyons along the Missouri River. Spring Meadow Lake State Park is a favorite spot for fishing and picnicking. Mount Helena provides hiking trails and panoramic views of the city and surrounding valleys.
9. Lake County
County Facts
- Population: 31,134 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59820-59910
- County Seat: Polson
Geography and History
Lake County is located in northwestern Montana, covering 1,654 square miles along the southern shores of Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake west of the Mississippi. The county was established in 1923 and named after the lake that forms its northern border. Historically, the region was home to the Salish and Kootenai tribes, and much of the county is within the boundaries of the Flathead Indian Reservation. The county’s economy is based on agriculture, tourism, and light industry, with Polson serving as the economic and cultural hub.
Colleges and Universities
- Salish Kootenai College (SKC): A tribal college located in Pablo, offering associate and bachelor’s degrees in fields like education, nursing, and forestry. SKC focuses on serving Native American students and promoting cultural preservation.
- University of Montana (Flathead Lake Biological Station): A research facility on Flathead Lake that studies freshwater ecosystems and environmental science, providing educational opportunities for students from the University of Montana.
Major Landmarks
Lake County’s major landmarks include Flathead Lake, which offers boating, fishing, and camping along its shores. Wild Horse Island State Park, located on an island in Flathead Lake, is known for its wild horses, hiking trails, and scenic views. Mission Mountains Wilderness provides opportunities for hiking, camping, and wildlife viewing. The People’s Center in Pablo offers exhibits on the history and culture of the Salish, Pend d’Oreille, and Kootenai tribes. Kerr Dam, located near Polson, provides hydroelectric power and offers panoramic views of the lake and surrounding mountains.
10. Lincoln County
County Facts
- Population: 19,677 (2020 Census)
- Area Codes: 406
- ZIP Codes: 59917-59935
- County Seat: Libby
Geography and History
Lincoln County is located in the far northwestern corner of Montana, covering 3,675 square miles. Established in 1909 and named after President Abraham Lincoln, the county is known for its rugged mountains, forests, and rivers. The Kootenai River flows through the county, providing a scenic landscape and supporting the timber and mining industries that have historically been the backbone of the local economy. Today, Lincoln County is also known for its outdoor recreation opportunities, including hunting, fishing, and hiking in its vast wilderness areas.
Colleges and Universities
- Flathead Valley Community College (Lincoln County Campus): A satellite campus located in Libby, offering associate degrees and certification programs in fields like nursing, business, and trades.
- University of Montana (Extension Services): Provides outreach and educational programs to support local agriculture, business development, and environmental management in Lincoln County.
Major Landmarks
Lincoln County is home to several stunning natural landmarks, including Kootenai Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in Montana, with a scenic swinging bridge that offers incredible views of the river and falls. Libby Dam on the Kootenai River creates Lake Koocanusa, a reservoir that stretches into Canada and offers boating, fishing, and camping. Cabinet Mountains Wilderness is a remote and rugged area known for its alpine lakes, towering peaks, and wildlife. The Ross Creek Cedars are a grove of ancient cedar trees that provide a peaceful and scenic hiking experience. Libby’s Heritage Museum showcases the history of logging and mining in the region, while Eureka’s Tobacco Valley Historical Village preserves historic buildings and artifacts from the area’s pioneer days.