North Carolina was one of the original 13 colonies and played a key role in both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. It has 100 counties.
10 Largest Counties in North Carolina
1. Mecklenburg County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 1,200,000
- Area Codes: 704, 980
- Zip Codes: 28201-28299
- County Seat: Charlotte
Geography and History
Mecklenburg County, located in the southwestern part of North Carolina, is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area. It is bordered by Cabarrus County to the northeast, Union County to the southeast, and York County, South Carolina, to the southwest. The county’s geography is diverse, featuring rolling hills and a climate that supports a variety of vegetation. The history of Mecklenburg County is deeply intertwined with the founding of Charlotte, which was established in 1768 and named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III of England. The county played a pivotal role during the American Revolution, with the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence in 1775 being a notable event. This declaration was an early assertion of independence from British rule, predating the official Declaration of Independence.
Colleges and Universities
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte): A major public research university offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs.
- Queens University of Charlotte: A private university known for its liberal arts programs and strong emphasis on community service.
- Central Piedmont Community College: A prominent community college providing accessible education and vocational training.
Major Landmarks
Mecklenburg County is home to several significant landmarks, most notably in Charlotte, the county seat. The NASCAR Hall of Fame celebrates the history of stock car racing, offering interactive exhibits and a tribute to legendary drivers. The Levine Museum of the New South provides insights into the post-Civil War Southern experience, focusing on the transformation of the region. Additionally, the Charlotte Botanical Garden offers a beautiful array of themed gardens and educational programs. The Bank of America Stadium, home to the NFL’s Carolina Panthers, and the Spectrum Center, hosting NBA games and concerts, are also prominent attractions. Historic sites such as the historic Latta Plantation and the historic Bechtler Museum of Modern Art add cultural depth to the county’s offerings.
2. Wake County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 1,200,000
- Area Codes: 919, 984
- Zip Codes: 27501-27599
- County Seat: Raleigh
Geography and History
Wake County is centrally located in North Carolina, forming the core of the Raleigh metropolitan area. It is bordered by Durham County to the northwest, Orange County to the west, and Johnston County to the south. The county features a mix of urban and rural landscapes, with rolling terrain and numerous lakes and rivers. Raleigh, the state capital and county seat, was chosen in 1792 as the capital of North Carolina due to its central location and strategic advantages. The area was originally inhabited by the Tuscarora people, and European settlers arrived in the early 18th century. The founding of Raleigh marked the beginning of its role as a political and cultural hub. The county’s growth has been fueled by the presence of major research institutions and technology companies, particularly in the Research Triangle area.
Colleges and Universities
- North Carolina State University (NC State): A major public research university renowned for its engineering, veterinary, and textile programs.
- Meredith College: A private women’s college known for its strong liberal arts curriculum and focus on leadership development.
- William Peace University: A private institution offering a range of undergraduate programs with an emphasis on experiential learning.
Major Landmarks
Wake County boasts several key landmarks, with Raleigh offering a rich array of historical and cultural sites. The North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences provides extensive exhibits on regional and global biodiversity. The State Capitol building, a historic structure from 1840, remains a significant symbol of state governance. The North Carolina Museum of Art features an impressive collection of European, American, and modern art. The JC Raulston Arboretum, a botanical garden on the NC State University campus, showcases diverse plant collections. The PNC Arena, home to the NHL’s Carolina Hurricanes, and the Raleigh City Museum contribute to the county’s vibrant cultural scene. The William B. Umstead State Park offers outdoor recreation and natural beauty, adding to the county’s diverse attractions.
3. Guilford County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 550,000
- Area Codes: 336, 743
- Zip Codes: 27214, 27215, 27260, 27301, 27302, 27305, 27330, 27401-27417
- County Seat: Greensboro
Geography and History
Guilford County is situated in the central part of North Carolina and is part of the Piedmont Triad metropolitan area, which includes Winston-Salem and High Point. The county’s landscape is characterized by rolling hills and a temperate climate conducive to agriculture and urban development. Established in 1771, Guilford County is named after the 1st Earl of Guilford, a British politician. The county played a notable role in the American Revolutionary War, particularly in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in 1781, which was a pivotal engagement in the struggle for independence. Greensboro, the largest city and county seat, emerged as a key industrial and cultural hub in the 19th and 20th centuries, contributing to the county’s growth and development.
Colleges and Universities
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG): A public research university with strong programs in education, business, and the arts.
- Guilford College: A private liberal arts college with a focus on experiential learning and social justice.
- Greensboro College: A private institution offering a range of undergraduate programs with an emphasis on personalized education.
Major Landmarks
Guilford County features several important landmarks, particularly in Greensboro. The Greensboro Science Center combines a zoo, aquarium, and museum, providing an educational and entertaining experience for visitors. The International Civil Rights Center & Museum is located in the historic Greensboro sit-in movement site, honoring the civil rights struggle. The Greensboro Coliseum Complex hosts a variety of events, including concerts, sports, and conventions. The historic Blandwood Mansion, a pre-Civil War home, offers insights into 19th-century architecture and history. The Greensboro Arboretum provides beautiful gardens and walking trails, showcasing regional flora. These landmarks contribute to Guilford County’s rich cultural and historical tapestry.
4. Forsyth County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 400,000
- Area Codes: 336, 743
- Zip Codes: 27012, 27040, 27101, 27103, 27104, 27105, 27106, 27107
- County Seat: Winston-Salem
Geography and History
Forsyth County is located in the north-central region of North Carolina and is part of the Piedmont Triad area. The county features a varied topography with rolling hills and is known for its vibrant urban environment centered around Winston-Salem. Established in 1849, Forsyth County was named after Benjamin Forsyth, a soldier and hero of the War of 1812. The county has a rich history in tobacco and textile manufacturing, contributing significantly to its economic development. Winston-Salem, the county seat, is known for its historical significance in the tobacco industry, particularly as the home of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. The city’s history also includes a strong connection to the Moravian Church, which settled in the area in the 18th century and influenced the city’s cultural development.
Colleges and Universities
- Wake Forest University: A private research university known for its strong programs in business, law, and medicine.
- Forsyth Technical Community College: A community college offering vocational training and associate degrees in various fields.
- Salem College: A private women’s college with a focus on liberal arts education and community engagement.
Major Landmarks
Forsyth County features notable landmarks, particularly in Winston-Salem. The Old Salem Museums & Gardens offer a glimpse into the city’s Moravian heritage with historic buildings and gardens. The Reynolda House Museum of American Art, part of the Wake Forest University campus, showcases American art from the 18th century to the present. The Winston-Salem Dash baseball stadium is a popular venue for sports enthusiasts. The Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art (SECCA) provides a platform for contemporary art exhibitions and cultural events. The Bethabara Park, a historic site related to the early Moravian settlement, adds to the county’s rich historical landscape. These landmarks reflect Forsyth County’s blend of historical depth and cultural vibrancy.
5. Durham County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 350,000
- Area Codes: 919, 984
- Zip Codes: 27701-27709, 27713, 27717
- County Seat: Durham
Geography and History
Durham County is located in the central part of North Carolina, within the Research Triangle metropolitan area. The county’s geography includes a mix of urban areas and wooded landscapes, with a subtropical climate that supports diverse flora. Established in 1881, Durham County was named after Dr. Bartlett Durham, a prominent local figure. The county’s history is closely tied to the development of the city of Durham, which became a major center for tobacco and textile industries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The presence of Duke University, founded in 1838, has significantly influenced the county’s development, making Durham a hub of education and research.
Colleges and Universities
- Duke University: A prestigious private research university known for its strong programs in law, medicine, and business.
- North Carolina Central University (NCCU): A historically black university offering a range of undergraduate and graduate programs.
- Durham Technical Community College: A community college providing vocational training and associate degrees.
Major Landmarks
Durham County features several key landmarks, particularly in the city of Durham. The Duke University Chapel is an architectural marvel and a prominent symbol of the university’s presence. The Sarah P. Duke Gardens offers beautiful landscapes and horticultural exhibits. The Museum of Life and Science provides interactive exhibits focused on science and nature. The Tobacco Town Historical District reflects Durham’s historical significance in the tobacco industry. The Durham Performing Arts Center (DPAC) hosts a variety of performances, including Broadway shows and concerts. These landmarks highlight Durham County’s rich history, cultural depth, and commitment to education and the arts.
6. Cabarrus County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 250,000
- Area Codes: 704, 980
- Zip Codes: 28025, 28027, 28083
- County Seat: Concord
Geography and History
Cabarrus County is located in the south-central part of North Carolina, adjacent to the Charlotte metropolitan area. The county’s landscape features a mix of rural and suburban areas, with rolling terrain and a moderate climate. Established in 1792, Cabarrus County is named after Stephen Cabarrus, a prominent North Carolina legislator. The county has a rich history, particularly in textile manufacturing, which was a major economic driver in the 19th and 20th centuries. Concord, the county seat, is known for its historical significance and its role as a center of commerce and industry. The county also played a part in the early automobile industry, with the Concord area being a site for early racing activities.
Colleges and Universities
- Catawba College: A private liberal arts college located in nearby Salisbury, offering undergraduate programs with a focus on experiential learning.
- Kannapolis Intercity University Center: Provides higher education opportunities with a focus on workforce development and community engagement.
- Piedmont Community College: A community college offering a range of vocational and academic programs to the region.
Major Landmarks
Cabarrus County features several significant landmarks, particularly in Concord. The Charlotte Motor Speedway is a major attraction, hosting NASCAR events and other racing activities. The Concord Museum offers insights into the county’s history and heritage. The Historic Cabarrus County Courthouse, a notable 19th-century building, is a symbol of the county’s historical significance. The North Carolina Music Hall of Fame, located in Kannapolis, celebrates the state’s rich musical heritage. Additionally, the Reed Gold Mine, just outside Concord, provides historical context to the first documented gold rush in the United States. These landmarks reflect Cabarrus County’s diverse historical and cultural landscape.
7. Alamance County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 170,000
- Area Codes: 336, 743
- Zip Codes: 27201, 27203, 27215, 27244, 27302
- County Seat: Graham
Geography and History
Alamance County is located in the central part of North Carolina, part of the Piedmont Triad region. The county features a mix of rural and suburban landscapes, with rolling hills and a temperate climate. Established in 1849, Alamance County is named after the Alamance Creek, which was a site of the Battle of Alamance in 1771, an early confrontation between colonial militia and regulators seeking to reform colonial governance. The county’s history includes significant involvement in the textile industry, with numerous mills and factories contributing to its economic development. Graham, the county seat, is known for its historic courthouse and vibrant downtown area.
Colleges and Universities
- Elon University: A private university known for its strong programs in law, business, and communications, located just outside Alamance County.
- Alamance Community College: Provides a range of vocational and academic programs, focusing on workforce development and adult education.
- Guilford Technical Community College: A nearby institution offering various technical and academic programs to the community.
Major Landmarks
Alamance County features notable landmarks that reflect its rich history and cultural heritage. The Alamance Battleground State Historic Site preserves the location of the Battle of Alamance and provides historical exhibits and educational programs. The Burlington City Park offers recreational facilities and a historic carousel. The Graham Historic District features a collection of well-preserved historic buildings and homes, reflecting the county’s architectural heritage. The North Carolina Textile Museum, located in nearby Burlington, highlights the county’s textile industry history. Additionally, the Cedarock Park provides outdoor recreational opportunities and scenic beauty, enhancing the county’s appeal. These landmarks illustrate Alamance County’s blend of historical significance and community life.
8. Iredell County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 200,000
- Area Codes: 704, 980
- Zip Codes: 28625, 28627, 28677, 28681, 28682, 28687
- County Seat: Statesville
Geography and History
Iredell County is located in the northwestern part of North Carolina, within the Charlotte metropolitan area. The county features a mix of rural and suburban landscapes with a varied topography that includes rolling hills and numerous lakes. Established in 1788, Iredell County is named after James Iredell, an early North Carolina lawyer and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The county’s history includes a strong connection to agriculture and manufacturing, with significant growth in the 20th century due to its proximity to Charlotte. Statesville, the county seat, is known for its historic downtown area and vibrant community life.
Colleges and Universities
- Mitchell Community College: Offers a range of academic and vocational programs, serving the educational needs of the Iredell County area.
- Lenoir-Rhyne University (Hickory Campus): Provides undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of disciplines, located in nearby Hickory.
- Davidson College: Located in nearby Davidson, this private liberal arts college offers a range of academic programs and is known for its strong community focus.
Major Landmarks
Iredell County features several important landmarks, particularly in Statesville. The Fort Dobbs State Historic Site preserves a colonial-era fort and offers educational programs about the French and Indian War. The Iredell Museums provide exhibits on local history and culture. The Lake Norman State Park offers outdoor recreation opportunities, including hiking, boating, and fishing. The historic Downtown Statesville area features preserved buildings and cultural sites that reflect the county’s rich history. The NC Auto Racing Hall of Fame celebrates the county’s connection to motorsports and automotive history. These landmarks highlight Iredell County’s historical significance and recreational opportunities.
9. Union County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 230,000
- Area Codes: 704, 980
- Zip Codes: 28001, 28025, 28079, 28104, 28110, 28112, 28134
- County Seat: Monroe
Geography and History
Union County is located in the south-central part of North Carolina, adjacent to the Charlotte metropolitan area. The county’s landscape features a mix of rural and suburban areas, with rolling terrain and a mild climate. Established in 1842, Union County was named for its role in the Union Party during the American Civil War. The county’s history includes significant agricultural and industrial development, with a strong emphasis on farming and manufacturing. Monroe, the county seat, is known for its historic charm and cultural events.
Colleges and Universities
- Wingate University: A private institution offering a range of undergraduate and graduate programs, located in nearby Wingate.
- South Piedmont Community College: Provides vocational and academic programs to the Union County area.
- Piedmont Community College: Offers various educational and training programs, with a focus on workforce development.
Major Landmarks
Union County features several key landmarks that reflect its history and cultural heritage. The Monroe Historic District includes a collection of historic buildings and sites that showcase the county’s architectural history. The Andrew Jackson State Park, just outside Union County, offers recreational opportunities and historical insights related to the 7th President of the United States. The Union County Heritage Room provides exhibits and information on local history and heritage. The Historic Union County Courthouse, a notable 19th-century building, serves as a symbol of the county’s historical significance. Additionally, the Cane Creek Park offers scenic beauty and outdoor activities, enhancing the county’s recreational appeal. These landmarks illustrate Union County’s blend of historical importance and community life.
10. Rutherford County
County Facts
- Population: Approximately 60,000
- Area Codes: 828
- Zip Codes: 28018, 28037, 28042, 28139, 28139
- County Seat: Rutherfordton
Geography and History
Rutherford County is located in the western part of North Carolina, near the South Carolina border. The county’s geography is characterized by its mountainous terrain, part of the Appalachian range, and its scenic beauty. Established in 1779, Rutherford County is named after Griffith Rutherford, a general in the American Revolutionary War. The county has a history of agriculture and small-scale industries, with a strong connection to the natural resources of the region. Rutherfordton, the county seat, is known for its historical charm and picturesque setting.
Colleges and Universities
- Isothermal Community College: Offers a range of academic and vocational programs to the Rutherford County area.
- Gardner-Webb University: A private institution located nearby, offering undergraduate and graduate programs in various fields.
- Cleveland Community College: Provides educational and training programs in neighboring Cleveland County.
Major Landmarks
Rutherford County is known for its scenic landmarks and historical sites. The Chimney Rock State Park offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape and a popular hiking destination. The Rutherford County Courthouse, a historic building, serves as a symbol of the county’s rich heritage. The Ellenboro Historical Museum provides insights into local history and culture. The thermal springs at the Hot Springs Resort, located nearby, offer a relaxing retreat and historical significance. Additionally, the Lake Lure area, just outside Rutherford County, is known for its natural beauty and recreational opportunities. These landmarks reflect Rutherford County’s blend of natural splendor and historical depth.