TOEFL Test Centers in Indonesia

EDU February 16, 2019

Indonesia Overview

Indonesia, island nation in Southeast Asia that encompasses most of the Malay Archipelago. The Great Sunda Islands belong to Indonesia: Borneo (except the northern part), Sumatra, Celebes, Java (with by far the largest proportion of the population), the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas and the western part of New Guinea. Most of the islands are mountainous. There are numerous active volcanoes. Larger plains can be found on Borneo and Sumatra. The climate is evenly tropical with z. Sometimes there is enough rainfall. The country’s vegetation consists of 70% tropical rainforest and high forest (teak trees, bamboo, sago palms). The population is characterized by ethnic and cultural diversity; In addition to the official national language, there are more than 250 regional languages ​​and several hundred dialects.

Agriculture (especially rice cultivation), in which 35% of the population work, is decisive for the economy. In terms of mineral resources, Indonesia has rich deposits of tin, coal, crude oil and bauxite. Crude oil and natural gas, tin, rubber, palm oil, coffee, tea and wood products are exported. Jakarta is the most important port.

History: Indonesia, especially Java, has some of the earliest evidence of human life. During the Neolithic Age, the Indonesian island world was then populated in several waves from the Asian mainland, with Indian influences predominating. Islam spread from the 14th century.

From the 16th century, Indonesia was colonized by Europeans. Initially, the Portuguese established trading establishments in Sumatra, Timor and the Moluccas. The Spanish and English followed; from 1602 the Dutch founded their east Indian colonial empire. In 1818 Indonesia became a Dutch colony as the Dutch East Indies.

Efforts for independence led to the formation of the independent republic in 1949. 1976-99 Indonesia occupied the former Portuguese part of Timor (East Timor). After Presidents Sukarno and Suharto had cultivated an authoritarian system of rule that was tailored to their individual needs for decades, the first free parliamentary and presidential elections were held in 1999. On October 12, 2002, the holiday island of Bali was subject to a bloody bomb attack (death of around 200 people, mostly Australians and other foreigners), for which the radical Islamic, probably in connection with Al-Qaeda -affiliated organization Jamaa Islamiya blamed. The country is repeatedly shaken by ethnic and religious conflicts. Indonesia was hit by multiple attacks by fanatical Islamists in 2009/10, killing more than 100 people. Indonesia was hardest hit by the December 2004 tsunami that killed more than 220,000 people.

Country facts

• Official name: Republic of Indonesia
• License plate: RI
• ISO-3166: ID, IDN (360)
• Internet domain:.id
• Currency: 1 rupiah (Rp.) = 100 Sen
• Area: 1,910,931 km²
• Population (2018): 267.7 million
• Capital: Jakarta
• Official language (s): Indonesian [Bahasa Indonesia]
• Form of government: Presidential Republic
• Administrative division: 32 provinces, 1 special region, capital district
• Head of State: President Joko Widodo
• Religion (s) (2010): 87.2% Muslims, 7% Protestants, 3% Catholics, 2% Hindus
• Time zone: Central European Time +6 to +8 hours
• National holiday: August 17th

Location and infrastructure

• Location (geographical): Southeast Asia
• Position (coordinates): between 6 ° north and 11 ° 15 ‘south latitude and 94 ° 15’ and 141 ° east longitude
• Climate: Tropical always humid climate and monsoon climate
• Highest mountain: Puncak Jaya (4884 m)
• Road network (2011): 283 102 km (paved), 213 505 km (unpaved)
• Railway network (2014): 8 159 km

Population

• Annual population growth (2020): 0.79%
• Birth rate (2020): 15.4 per 1000 residents.
• Death rate (2020): 6.6 per 1000 residents.
• Average age (2020): 31.1 years
• Average life expectancy (2020): 73.7 years (women 76.5; men 71.1)
• Age structure (2020): 23.9% younger than 15 years, 7.8% older than 65 years
• Literacy rate (15-year-olds and older) (2018): 95.7%
• Mobile phone contracts (pre-paid and post-paid) (2017): 174 per 100 residents
• Internet users (2017): 32 per 100 residents

Economy

• GDP per capita (2017): US $ 3,876
• Total GDP (2017): US $ 1,015 billion
• GNI per capita (2018): US $ 3,840
• Education expenditure (2015): 3.6% of GDP
• Military expenditure (2018): 0.7% of GDP
• Unemployment rate (2017): 4.3%