TOEFL Test Centers in Romania

EDU February 16, 2019

Romania Overview

Romania, republic in Southeast Europe. The Eastern and Southern Carpathians run through in a wide arc (Carpathian Mountains) the country. The Transylvanian Highlands lie within the Carpathian Arc. In the west, Romania opens up to the Great Hungarian Lowlands. Wallachia lies between the southern Carpathians and the Danube, and the hilly Vltava between the eastern Carpathians and Prut. – The population consists mainly of Romanians, there are also numerous Hungarians and other minorities.

Maize, wheat, sugar beet, vegetables and potatoes are grown in the agricultural centers of the Danube and Tisza Lowlands, Transylvania, the Vltava Highlands and Dobruja. In addition to fruit growing and viticulture (in the southern Carpathian Mountains and in Transylvania), cattle breeding is also important. Important mineral resources are oil and natural gas, as well as coal, iron ore and non-ferrous metal ores. Heavy industry and mechanical engineering dominate in the industrial sector. Tourism can be found mainly in the Black Sea baths as well as in the medicinal baths and winter sports resorts of the Carpathian Mountains.

History: From the 2nd millennium BC The Thracians were resident in what is now Romania. In the 17th century Romania had a share in Greek history and from the 1st century AD on in Roman history. From the 3rd to the 11th century Romania was ruled by numerous migrant peoples. In 10./11. The Magyar conquest of the land followed in the 19th century. In the 14th century the Romanian Danube principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were formed, which came under Turkish suzerainty in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1859 Colonel Cuza (1820–73) was elected Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia, and in 1862 he proclaimed the unification of the two principalities under the name of Romania.

After the First World War, Romania received the areas adjoining to the west. In 1941 the country entered World War II on the German side. After the fall of the government, Romania surrendered unconditionally in 1944. In the newly formed government, the communists gained increasing influence, in 1947 King Michael (1927-30 and from 1940 on the throne) had to abdicate. Romania now came under the influence of the Soviet Union.

In December 1989, a popular uprising ended communist rule. Nicolae Ceaușescu, party leader since 1965 and president since 1974, was overthrown and executed, the communist party banned. In 1991 a new constitution came into force. The political situation initially remained unstable. In 2001-08 Romania’s economy experienced relatively stable growth, but this ended abruptly with the onset of the international financial crisis. The over-indebtedness of the state budget required drastic cuts in public spending. The share of the shadow economy is high. Romania has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 2007.

Country Overview

Country facts

• Official name: Romania
• License plate: RO
• ISO-3166: RO, ROU (642)
• Internet domain:.ro
• Currency: 1 Leu (l) = 100 Bani
• Area: 238,390 km²
• Population (2018): 19.5 million
• Capital: Bucharest
• Official language (s): Romanian
• Form of government: Republic
• Administrative division: 41 districts (Judete) and capital district
• Head of State: President Klaus Werner Johannis
• Head of Government: Ludovic Orban
• Religion (s) (2011): Christians (81.9% Orthodox; 6.4% Protestants, 4.3% Catholics), 7.4% other / n / a
• Time zone: Central European Time +1 hours
• National holiday: December 1st

Location and infrastructure

• Location (geographical): Southeast Europe
• Position (coordinates): between 43 ° 30 ‘and 48 ° 30’ north latitude and 20 ° 30 ‘and 29 ° 30’ east longitude
• Climate: temperate continental climate
• Highest mountain: Moldoveanu (2 544 m)
• Road network (2012): 49 873 km (paved), 34 312 km (unpaved)
• Railway network (2014): 11 268 km

Population

• Annual population growth (2020): -0.4%
• Birth rate (2020): 8.5 per 1000 residents.
• Death rate (2020): 12 per 1000 residents.
• Average age (2020): 42.5 years
• Average life expectancy (2020): 76 years (men 72.6; women 79.7)
• Age structure (2020): 14.1% younger than 15 years, 17.6% older than 65 years
• Literacy rate (15-year-olds and older) (2018): 98.8%
• Mobile phone contracts (pre-paid and post-paid) (2017): 114 per 100 residents
• Internet users (2017): 64 per 100 residents

Economy

• GDP per capita (2018): US $ 12,285
• Total GDP (2018): US $ 240 billion
• GNI per capita (2018): US $ 11,290
• Education expenditure (2015): 3.1% of GDP
• Military expenditure (2019): 2.0% of GDP
• Unemployment rate (15 years and older) (2017): 5.2%